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Vol. 10, Issue 11, 3971-3978, November 1999
Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and the Howard Hughes
Medical Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721
A critical step in the degradation of many eukaryotic mRNAs is a
decapping reaction that exposes the transcript to 5' to 3' exonucleolytic degradation. The dual role of the cap structure as a
target of mRNA degradation and as the site of assembly of translation
initiation factors has led to the hypothesis that the rate of decapping
would be specified by the status of the cap binding complex. This model
makes the prediction that signals that promote mRNA decapping should
also alter translation. To test this hypothesis, we examined the
decapping triggered by premature termination codons to determine
whether there is a down-regulation of translation when mRNAs were
recognized as "nonsense containing." We constructed an mRNA
containing a premature stop codon in which we could measure the levels
of both the mRNA and the polypeptide encoded upstream of the premature
stop codon. Using this system, we analyzed the effects of premature
stop codons on the levels of protein being produced per mRNA. In
addition, by using alterations either in cis or in
trans that inactivate different steps in the recognition and
degradation of nonsense-containing mRNAs, we demonstrated that the
recognition of a nonsense codon led to a decrease in the translational
efficiency of the mRNA. These observations argue that the signal from a
premature termination codon impinges on the translation machinery and
suggest that decapping is a consequence of the change in translational
status of the mRNA.
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