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Vol. 10, Issue 4, 1119-1131, April 1999
-Catenin Can Be Transported into the Nucleus in a
Ran-unassisted Manner
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Osaka University Medical
School, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
The nuclear accumulation of 
-catenin plays an important role in
the Wingless/Wnt signaling pathway. This study describes an examination
of the nuclear import of -catenin in living mammalian cells and in
vitro semi-intact cells. When injected into the cell cytoplasm,
-catenin rapidly migrated into the nucleus in a
temperature-dependent and wheat germ agglutinin-sensitive manner. In
the cell-free import assay, -catenin rapidly migrates into the
nucleus without the exogenous addition of cytosol, Ran, or ATP/GTP.
Cytoplasmic injection of mutant Ran defective in its GTP hydrolysis did
not prevent -catenin import. Studies using tsBN2, a
temperature-sensitive mutant cell line that possesses a point mutation
in the RCC1 gene, showed that the import of -catenin is insensitive
to nuclear Ran-GTP depletion. These results show that -catenin
possesses the ability to constitutively translocate through the nuclear pores in a manner similar to importin in a Ran-unassisted manner. We further showed that -catenin also rapidly exits the nucleus in
homokaryons, suggesting that the regulation of nuclear levels of
-catenin involves both nuclear import and export of this molecule.
Corresponding author. E-mail address:
yyoneda{at}anat3.med.osaka-u.ac.jp.
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