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Vol. 10, Issue 4, 947-959, April 1999

*Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of
Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003; and
Microtubules are intrinsically dynamic polymers, and their dynamics
play a crucial role in mitotic spindle assembly, the mitotic checkpoint, and chromosome movement. We hypothesized that, in living cells, suppression of microtubule dynamics is
responsible for the ability of taxol to inhibit mitotic progression and
cell proliferation. Using quantitative fluorescence video microscopy, we examined the effects of taxol (30-100 nM) on the dynamics of individual microtubules in two living human tumor cell lines: Caov-3 ovarian adenocarcinoma cells and A-498 kidney carcinoma cells. Taxol accumulated more in Caov-3 cells than in A-498 cells. At
equivalent intracellular taxol concentrations, dynamic instability was
inhibited similarly in the two cell lines. Microtubule shortening rates
were inhibited in Caov-3 cells and in A-498 cells by 32 and 26%,
growing rates were inhibited by 24 and 18%, and dynamicity was
inhibited by 31 and 63%, respectively. All mitotic spindles were
abnormal, and many interphase cells became multinucleate (Caov-3, 30%;
A-498, 58%). Taxol blocked cell cycle progress at the
metaphase/anaphase transition and inhibited cell proliferation. The
results indicate that suppression of microtubule dynamics by taxol
deleteriously affects the ability of cancer cells to properly assemble
a mitotic spindle, pass the metaphase/anaphase checkpoint, and produce progeny.
Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental
Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, 93106
Corresponding author. E-mail
address: jordan{at}lifesci.lscf.ucsb.edu.
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