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Vol. 10, Issue 4, 961-974, April 1999
-Cyclodextrin Perturbs
Formation of Clathrin-coated Endocytic Vesicles

and
*Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital,
Montebello, 0310 Oslo, Norway; and The importance of cholesterol for endocytosis has been investigated
in HEp-2 and other cell lines by using methyl-
Structural Cell
Biology Unit, Department of Medical Anatomy, The Panum Institute,
University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
-cyclodextrin (M
CD)
to selectively extract cholesterol from the plasma membrane. M
CD
treatment strongly inhibited endocytosis of transferrin and EGF,
whereas endocytosis of ricin was less affected. The inhibition of
transferrin endocytosis was completely reversible. On removal of M
CD
it was restored by continued incubation of the cells even in serum-free
medium. The recovery in serum-free medium was inhibited by addition of
lovastatin, which prevents cholesterol synthesis, but endocytosis
recovered when a water-soluble form of cholesterol was added together
with lovastatin. Electron microscopical studies of M
CD-treated HEp-2
cells revealed that typical invaginated caveolae were no longer
present. Moreover, the invagination of clathrin-coated pits was
strongly inhibited, resulting in accumulation of shallow coated pits.
Quantitative immunogold labeling showed that transferrin receptors were
concentrated in coated pits to the same degree (approximately
sevenfold) after M
CD treatment as in control cells. Our results
therefore indicate that although clathrin-independent (and
caveolae-independent) endocytosis still operates after removal of
cholesterol, cholesterol is essential for the formation of
clathrin-coated endocytic vesicles.
Corresponding author. E-mail
address: ksandvig{at}radium.uio.no.
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