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Vol. 10, Issue 4, 961-974, April 1999

Extraction of Cholesterol with Methyl-beta -Cyclodextrin Perturbs Formation of Clathrin-coated Endocytic Vesicles

Siv Kjersti Rodal,* Grethe Skretting,* Øystein Garred,* Frederik Vilhardt,dagger Bo van Deurs,dagger and Kirsten Sandvig*dagger Dagger

 *Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Montebello, 0310 Oslo, Norway; and  dagger Structural Cell Biology Unit, Department of Medical Anatomy, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark

The importance of cholesterol for endocytosis has been investigated in HEp-2 and other cell lines by using methyl-beta -cyclodextrin (Mbeta CD) to selectively extract cholesterol from the plasma membrane. Mbeta CD treatment strongly inhibited endocytosis of transferrin and EGF, whereas endocytosis of ricin was less affected. The inhibition of transferrin endocytosis was completely reversible. On removal of Mbeta CD it was restored by continued incubation of the cells even in serum-free medium. The recovery in serum-free medium was inhibited by addition of lovastatin, which prevents cholesterol synthesis, but endocytosis recovered when a water-soluble form of cholesterol was added together with lovastatin. Electron microscopical studies of Mbeta CD-treated HEp-2 cells revealed that typical invaginated caveolae were no longer present. Moreover, the invagination of clathrin-coated pits was strongly inhibited, resulting in accumulation of shallow coated pits. Quantitative immunogold labeling showed that transferrin receptors were concentrated in coated pits to the same degree (approximately sevenfold) after Mbeta CD treatment as in control cells. Our results therefore indicate that although clathrin-independent (and caveolae-independent) endocytosis still operates after removal of cholesterol, cholesterol is essential for the formation of clathrin-coated endocytic vesicles.


Dagger    Corresponding author. E-mail address: ksandvig{at}radium.uio.no.


Molecular Biology of the Cell
Vol. 10, 961-974, April 1999
Copyright © 1999 by The American Society for Cell Biology



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Biol. Reprod.Home page
S. E. Sadler and N. D. Jacobs
Stimulation of Xenopus laevis Oocyte Maturation by Methyl-{beta}-Cyclodextrin
Biol Reprod, June 1, 2004; 70(6): 1685 - 1692.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol.Home page
S. S. Siddiqui, Z. K. Siddiqui, and A. B. Malik
Albumin endocytosis in endothelial cells induces TGF-{beta} receptor II signaling
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, May 1, 2004; 286(5): L1016 - L1026.
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Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.Home page
C.-H. Cho, C. S. Lee, M. Chang, I.-H. Jang, S. J. Kim, I. Hwang, S. H. Ryu, C. O. Lee, and G. Y. Koh
Localization of VEGFR-2 and PLD2 in endothelial caveolae is involved in VEGF-induced phosphorylation of MEK and ERK
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, May 1, 2004; 286(5): H1881 - H1888.
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J. Cell Sci.Home page
D. M. Buk, M. Waibel, C. Braig, A. S. Martens, P. C. Heinrich, and L. Graeve
Polarity and lipid raft association of the components of the ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor complex in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells
J. Cell Sci., April 15, 2004; 117(10): 2063 - 2075.
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J. Biol. Chem.Home page
C. Bate, M. Salmona, L. Diomede, and A. Williams
Squalestatin Cures Prion-infected Neurons and Protects Against Prion Neurotoxicity
J. Biol. Chem., April 9, 2004; 279(15): 14983 - 14990.
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J. Biol. Chem.Home page
M. Hao, S. Mukherjee, Y. Sun, and F. R. Maxfield
Effects of Cholesterol Depletion and Increased Lipid Unsaturation on the Properties of Endocytic Membranes
J. Biol. Chem., April 2, 2004; 279(14): 14171 - 14178.
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Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
P. V. Burgos, C. Klattenhoff, E. de la Fuente, A. Rigotti, and A. Gonzalez
Cholesterol depletion induces PKA-mediated basolateral-to-apical transcytosis of the scavenger receptor class B type I in MDCK cells
PNAS, March 16, 2004; 101(11): 3845 - 3850.
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J. Virol.Home page
N. Imelli, O. Meier, K. Boucke, S. Hemmi, and U. F. Greber
Cholesterol Is Required for Endocytosis and Endosomal Escape of Adenovirus Type 2
J. Virol., March 15, 2004; 78(6): 3089 - 3098.
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J. Cell Sci.Home page
E. Leithe and E. Rivedal
Epidermal growth factor regulates ubiquitination, internalization and proteasome-dependent degradation of connexin43
J. Cell Sci., March 1, 2004; 117(7): 1211 - 1220.
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J. Biol. Chem.Home page
B.-E. Kim, F. Wang, J. Dufner-Beattie, G. K. Andrews, D. J. Eide, and M. J. Petris
Zn2+-stimulated Endocytosis of the mZIP4 Zinc Transporter Regulates Its Location at the Plasma Membrane
J. Biol. Chem., February 6, 2004; 279(6): 4523 - 4530.
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Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol.Home page
P. Liu, B. J. Leffler, L. K. Weeks, G. Chen, C. M. Bouchard, A. B. Strawbridge, and J. S. Elmendorf
Sphingomyelinase activates GLUT4 translocation via a cholesterol-dependent mechanism
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, February 1, 2004; 286(2): C317 - C329.
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Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol.Home page
E. N. Dedkova, X. Ji, S. L. Lipsius, and L. A. Blatter
Mitochondrial calcium uptake stimulates nitric oxide production in mitochondria of bovine vascular endothelial cells
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, February 1, 2004; 286(2): C406 - C415.
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Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol.Home page
H. Lu, T.-X. Sun, R. Bouley, K. Blackburn, M. McLaughlin, and D. Brown
Inhibition of endocytosis causes phosphorylation (S256)-independent plasma membrane accumulation of AQP2
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, February 1, 2004; 286(2): F233 - F243.
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Mol. Biol. CellHome page
B. G. Galvez, S. Matias-Roman, M. Yanez-Mo, M. Vicente-Manzanares, F. Sanchez-Madrid, and A. G. Arroyo
Caveolae Are a Novel Pathway for Membrane-Type 1 Matrix Metalloproteinase Traffic in Human Endothelial Cells
Mol. Biol. Cell, February 1, 2004; 15(2): 678 - 687.
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Mol. Biol. CellHome page
G. Salazar, R. Love, E. Werner, M. M. Doucette, S. Cheng, A. Levey, and V. Faundez
The Zinc Transporter ZnT3 Interacts with AP-3 and It Is Preferentially Targeted to a Distinct Synaptic Vesicle Subpopulation
Mol. Biol. Cell, February 1, 2004; 15(2): 575 - 587.
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BloodHome page
L. H. J. Aarts, O. Roovers, A. C. Ward, and I. P. Touw
Receptor activation and 2 distinct COOH-terminal motifs control G-CSF receptor distribution and internalization kinetics
Blood, January 15, 2004; 103(2): 571 - 579.
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J. Biol. Chem.Home page
E. Stuven, A. Porat, F. Shimron, E. Fass, D. Kaloyanova, B. Brugger, F. T. Wieland, Z. Elazar, and J. B. Helms
Intra-Golgi Protein Transport Depends on a Cholesterol Balance in the Lipid Membrane
J. Biol. Chem., December 26, 2003; 278(52): 53112 - 53122.
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Mol. Interv.Home page
R. Hnasko and M. P. Lisanti
The Biology of Caveolae: Lessons from Caveolin Knockout Mice and Implications for Human Disease
Mol. Interv., December 1, 2003; 3(8): 445 - 464.
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J. Virol.Home page
S. Gummuluru, M. Rogel, L. Stamatatos, and M. Emerman
Binding of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 to Immature Dendritic Cells Can Occur Independently of DC-SIGN and Mannose Binding C-Type Lectin Receptors via a Cholesterol-Dependent Pathway
J. Virol., December 1, 2003; 77(23): 12865 - 12874.
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J. Cell Sci.Home page
B. Nichols
Caveosomes and endocytosis of lipid rafts
J. Cell Sci., December 1, 2003; 116(23): 4707 - 4714.
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Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
J. Kwik, S. Boyle, D. Fooksman, L. Margolis, M. P. Sheetz, and M. Edidin
Membrane cholesterol, lateral mobility, and the phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate-dependent organization of cell actin
PNAS, November 25, 2003; 100(24): 13964 - 13969.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Lipid Res.Home page
N. B. Chauhan
Membrane dynamics, cholesterol homeostasis, and Alzheimer's disease
J. Lipid Res., November 1, 2003; 44(11): 2019 - 2029.
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J. Biol. Chem.Home page
A. Rapacciuolo, S. Suvarna, L. Barki-Harrington, L. M. Luttrell, M. Cong, R. J. Lefkowitz, and H. A. Rockman
Protein Kinase A and G Protein-coupled Receptor Kinase Phosphorylation Mediates {beta}-1 Adrenergic Receptor Endocytosis through Different Pathways
J. Biol. Chem., September 12, 2003; 278(37): 35403 - 35411.
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Hum Mol GenetHome page
C. Cobbold, J. Coventry, S. Ponnambalam, and A. P. Monaco
The Menkes disease ATPase (ATP7A) is internalized via a Rac1-regulated, clathrin- and caveolae-independent pathway
Hum. Mol. Genet., July 1, 2003; 12(13): 1523 - 1533.
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Mol. Pharmacol.Home page
E. Elenko, T. Fischer, I. Niesman, T. Harding, T. McQuistan, M. Von Zastrow, and M. G. Farquhar
Spatial Regulation of G{alpha}i Protein Signaling in Clathrin-Coated Membrane Microdomains Containing GAIP
Mol. Pharmacol., July 1, 2003; 64(1): 11 - 20.
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Mol. Biol. CellHome page
L. K. Nyasae, A. L. Hubbard, and P. L. Tuma
Transcytotic Efflux from Early Endosomes Is Dependent on Cholesterol and Glycosphingolipids in Polarized Hepatic Cells
Mol. Biol. Cell, July 1, 2003; 14(7): 2689 - 2705.
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J. Biol. Chem.Home page
E. Coeytaux, D. Coulaud, E. Le Cam, O. Danos, and A. Kichler
The Cationic Amphipathic alpha -Helix of HIV-1 Viral Protein R (Vpr) Binds to Nucleic Acids, Permeabilizes Membranes, and Efficiently Transfects Cells
J. Biol. Chem., May 9, 2003; 278(20): 18110 - 18116.
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J. Virol.Home page
L. Snyers, H. Zwickl, and D. Blaas
Human Rhinovirus Type 2 Is Internalized by Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis
J. Virol., May 1, 2003; 77(9): 5360 - 5369.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol.Home page
D. Brown
The ins and outs of aquaporin-2 trafficking
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, May 1, 2003; 284(5): F893 - F901.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Biol. Chem.Home page
S. Shigematsu, R. T. Watson, A. H. Khan, and J. E. Pessin
The Adipocyte Plasma Membrane Caveolin Functional/Structural Organization Is Necessary for the Efficient Endocytosis of GLUT4
J. Biol. Chem., March 14, 2003; 278(12): 10683 - 10690.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Biol. Chem.Home page
M. J. Petris, K. Smith, J. Lee, and D. J. Thiele
Copper-stimulated Endocytosis and Degradation of the Human Copper Transporter, hCtr1
J. Biol. Chem., March 7, 2003; 278(11): 9639 - 9646.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Virol.Home page
K. J. D. Ashbourne Excoffon, T. Moninger, and J. Zabner
The Coxsackie B Virus and Adenovirus Receptor Resides in a Distinct Membrane Microdomain
J. Virol., February 15, 2003; 77(4): 2559 - 2567.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]




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