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Vol. 10, Issue 5, 1569-1579, May 1999
and
*Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington,
Seattle, Washington 98195; and SPARC (secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine)/BM
40/osteonectin is a matricellular protein shown to function as a
counteradhesive factor that induces cell rounding and as an inhibitor
of cell proliferation. These activities have been defined in cell
culture, in which interpretation has been complicated by the presence
of endogenous SPARC. We therefore sought to determine whether cell shape and proliferation would be affected by the absence of SPARC. Mesangial cells, fibroblasts, and aortic smooth muscle cells were isolated from SPARC-null and age-matched, wild-type mice. In contrast to wild-type cells, SPARC-null mesangial cells exhibited a flat morphology and an altered actin cytoskeleton. In addition,
vinculin-containing focal adhesions were distributed over the center of
SPARC-null cells, whereas in wild-type cells, the number of focal
adhesions was reduced, and these structures were restricted largely to
the cell periphery. Although the SPARC-null fibroblasts did not display overt differences in cell morphology, the cells responded to exogenous recombinant SPARC by rounding up in a manner similar to that of wild-type fibroblasts. Thus, the expression of endogenous SPARC is not
required for the response of cells to SPARC. Additionally, SPARC-null
mesangial cells, fibroblasts, and smooth muscle cells proliferated
faster than their respective wild-type counterparts. Null cells also
showed a greater sensitivity to the inhibition of cell cycle
progression by the addition of recombinant SPARC. The increased
proliferation rate of SPARC-null cells appeared to be mediated, at
least in part, by an increase in the cell cycle regulatory protein
cyclin A. We conclude that the expression of SPARC influences the
cellular architecture of mesangial cells and that SPARC plays a role in
the regulation of cell cycle in mesangial cells, fibroblasts, and
smooth muscle cells.
The Wistar Institute,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
Corresponding author.
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