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Vol. 10, Issue 6, 1939-1955, June 1999
3):
Complex Formation with Other p24 Family Members



*Cell Biology and Cell Biophysics Program, European
Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany;
We report here the characterization of gp27 (hp24
Department of Anatomy, Miyazaki Medical College, Miyazaki
889-1692, Japan;
Membrane Biology Laboratory, Institute
of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore 117609, Republic of Singapore;
and §Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic
Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0308
3),
a glycoprotein of the p24 family of small and abundant transmembrane proteins of the secretory pathway. Immunoelectron and confocal scanning
microscopy show that at steady state, gp27 localizes to the
cis side of the Golgi apparatus. In addition, some gp27 was detected in COPI- and COPII-coated structures throughout the cytoplasm. This indicated cycling that was confirmed in three ways.
First, 15°C temperature treatment resulted in accumulation of gp27 in
pre-Golgi structures colocalizing with anterograde cargo. Second,
treatment with brefeldin A caused gp27 to relocate into peripheral
structures positive for both KDEL receptor and COPII. Third,
microinjection of a dominant negative mutant of Sar1p trapped gp27 in
the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by blocking ER export. Together, this
shows that gp27 cycles extensively in the early secretory pathway.
Immunoprecipitation and coexpression studies further revealed that a
significant fraction of gp27 existed in a hetero-oligomeric complex.
Three members of the p24 family, GMP25 (hp24
2), p24
(hp24
1), and p23 (hp24
1), coprecipitated in what appeared to be stochiometric amounts. This heterocomplex was
specific. Immunoprecipitation of p26 (hp24
4) failed to
coprecipitate GMP25, p24, or p23. Also, very little p26 was found
coprecipitating with gp27. A functional requirement for complex
formation was suggested at the level of ER export. Transiently
expressed gp27 failed to leave the ER unless other p24 family proteins
were coexpressed. Comparison of attached oligosaccharides showed that
gp27 and GMP25 recycled differentially. Only a very minor portion of
GMP25 displayed complex oligosaccharides. In contrast, all of gp27
showed modifications by medial and trans enzymes at
steady state. We conclude from these data that a portion of gp27 exists
as hetero-oligomeric complexes with GMP25, p24, and p23 and that these
complexes are in dynamic equilibrium with individual p24 proteins to
allow for differential recycling and distributions.
Corresponding author. E-mail address:
nilsson{at}embl-heidelberg.de.
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