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Vol. 10, Issue 9, 2945-2953, September 1999
§
*European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Cell Biology Programme,
69117 Heidelberg, Germany;
Dendritic mRNA transport and local translation at individual
potentiated synapses may represent an elegant way to form synaptic memory. Recently, we characterized Staufen, a double-stranded RNA-binding protein, in rat hippocampal neurons and showed its presence
in large RNA-containing granules, which colocalize with microtubules in
dendrites. In this paper, we transiently transfect hippocampal neurons
with human Staufen-green fluorescent protein (GFP) and find fluorescent
granules in the somatodendritic domain of these cells. Human Stau-GFP
granules show the same cellular distribution and size and also contain
RNA, as already shown for the endogenous Stau particles. In time-lapse
videomicroscopy, we show the bidirectional movement of these
Staufen-GFP-labeled granules from the cell body into dendrites and
vice versa. The average speed of these particles was 6.4 µm/min with
a maximum velocity of 24.3 µm/min. Moreover, we demonstrate that the
observed assembly into granules and their subsequent dendritic movement is microtubule dependent. Taken together, we have characterized a
novel, nonvesicular, microtubule-dependent transport pathway involving
RNA-containing granules with Staufen as a core component. This is the
first demonstration in living neurons of movement of an essential
protein constituent of the mRNA transport machinery.
Max-Planck-Institute for Developmental Biology,
Department of Physical Biology, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; and
Department of Biochemistry, University of Montreal,
Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3C 3J7
Online version of this
article contains video material for Figure 4. Online version available
at www.molbiolcell.org.
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