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Vol. 11, Issue 1, 241-253, January 2000
Section of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of
California-Davis, Davis, California 95616
It is well established that multiple microtubule-based motors
contribute to the formation and function of the mitotic spindle, but
how the activities of these motors interrelate remains unclear. Here we
visualize spindle formation in living Drosophila embryos to show that spindle pole movements are directed by a temporally coordinated balance of forces generated by three mitotic motors, cytoplasmic dynein, KLP61F, and Ncd. Specifically, our findings suggest that dynein acts to move the poles apart throughout mitosis and
that this activity is augmented by KLP61F after the fenestration of the
nuclear envelope, a process analogous to nuclear envelope breakdown,
which occurs at the onset of prometaphase. Conversely, we find that Ncd
generates forces that pull the poles together between interphase and
metaphase, antagonizing the activity of both dynein and KLP61F and
serving as a brake for spindle assembly. During anaphase, however, Ncd
appears to have no effect on spindle pole movements, suggesting that
its activity is down-regulated at this time, allowing dynein and
KLP61F to drive spindle elongation during anaphase B.
Online version contains video material for Figures 1, 4,
and 7. Online version available at www.molbiolcell.org.
*
Corresponding author. E-mail address:
jmscholey{at}ucdavis.edu.
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