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Vol. 11, Issue 11, 3849-3858, November 2000
Department of Cell Biology and Graduate Program in Cell Biology and
Genetics, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New
York 10021
The crystal structure of the synaptic SNARE complex reveals a
parallel four-helix coiled-coil arrangement; buried in the hydrophobic core of the complex is an unusual ionic layer composed of three glutamines and one arginine, each provided by a separate 
-helix. The
presence of glutamine or arginine residues in this position is highly
conserved across the t- and v-SNARE families, and it was recently
suggested that a 3Q:1R ratio is likely to be a general feature
common to all SNARE complexes. In this study, we have used genetic and
biochemical assays to test this prediction with the yeast exocytic
SNARE complex. We have determined that the relative position of Qs and
Rs within the layer is not critical for biological activity and that
Q-to-R substitutions in the layer reduce complex stability and result
in lethal or conditional lethal growth defects. Surprisingly, SNARE
complexes composed of four glutamines are fully functional for assembly
in vitro and exocytic function in vivo. We conclude that the 3Q:1R
layer composition is not required within the yeast exocytic SNARE
complex because complexes containing four Q residues in the ionic layer
appear by all criteria to be functionally equivalent. The unexpected flexibility of this layer suggests that there is no strict requirement for the 3Q:1R combination and that the SNARE complexes at other stages
of transport may be composed entirely of Q-SNAREs or other noncanonical combinations.
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