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Vol. 11, Issue 3, 897-914, March 2000
Department of Physiology, University of Connecticut Health Center,
Farmington, Connecticut 06032
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi were labeled by green
fluorescent protein chimeras and observed by time-lapse confocal microscopy during the rapid cell cycles of sea urchin embryos. The ER
undergoes a cyclical microtubule-dependent accumulation at the mitotic
poles and by photobleaching experiments remains continuous through the
cell cycle. Finger-like indentations of the nuclear envelope near the
mitotic poles appear 2-3 min before the permeability barrier of the
nuclear envelope begins to change. This permeability change in turn is
~30 s before nuclear envelope breakdown. During interphase, there are
many scattered, disconnected Golgi stacks throughout the cytoplasm,
which appear as 1- to 2-µm fluorescent spots. The number of Golgi
spots begins to decline soon after nuclear envelope breakdown, reaches
a minimum soon after cytokinesis, and then rapidly increases. At higher
magnification, smaller spots are seen, along with increased
fluorescence in the ER. Quantitative measurements, along with
nocodazole and photobleaching experiments, are consistent with a
redistribution of some of the Golgi to the ER during mitosis. The
scattered Golgi coalesce into a single large aggregate during the
interphase after the ninth embryonic cleavage; this is likely to be
preparatory for secretion of the hatching enzyme during the following
cleavage cycle.
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