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Vol. 11, Issue 9, 3013-3030, September 2000
Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University
of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
A typical vertebrate cell contains several hundred sites of
transitional ER (tER). Presumably, tER sites generate elements of the
ER-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC), and ERGIC elements then
generate Golgi cisternae. Therefore, characterizing the mechanisms that
influence tER distribution may shed light on the dynamic behavior of
the Golgi. We explored the properties of tER sites using Sec13 as a
marker protein. Fluorescence microscopy confirmed that tER sites are
long-lived ER subdomains. tER sites proliferate during interphase but
lose Sec13 during mitosis. Unlike ERGIC elements, tER sites move very
little. Nevertheless, when microtubules are depolymerized with
nocodazole, tER sites redistribute rapidly to form clusters next to
Golgi structures. Hence, tER sites have the unusual property of being
immobile, yet dynamic. These findings can be explained by a model in
which new tER sites are created by retrograde membrane traffic from the
Golgi. We propose that the tER-Golgi system is organized by mutual
feedback between these two compartments.
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