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Vol. 12, Issue 12, 3947-3954, December 2001
and
*Department of Physiology, University of Massachusetts Medical
School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605; and Cell migration involves complex physical and chemical interactions
with the substrate. To probe the mechanical interactions under
different regions of migrating 3T3 fibroblasts, we have disrupted
cell-substrate adhesions by local application of the GRGDTP peptide,
while imaging stress distribution on the substrate with traction force
microscopy. Both spontaneous and GRGDTP-induced detachment of the
trailing edge caused extensive cell shortening, without changing the
overall level of traction forces or the direction of migration. In
contrast, disruption of frontal adhesions caused dramatic, global loss
of traction forces before any significant shortening of the cell.
Although traction forces and cell migration recovered within 10-20 min
of transient frontal treatment, persistent treatment with GRGDTP caused
the cell to develop traction forces elsewhere and reorient toward a new
direction. We conclude that contractile forces of a fibroblast are
transmitted to the substrate through two distinct types of adhesions.
Leading edge adhesions are unique in their ability to transmit active
propulsive forces. Their functions cannot be transferred directly to
existing adhesions upon detachment. Trailing end adhesions create
passive resistance during cell migration and readily redistribute their
loads upon detachment. Our results indicate the distinct nature of
mechanical interactions at the leading versus trailing edges, which
together generate the mechanical interactions for fibroblast migration.
Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
02215
Online version of this article contains video
material for certain figures. Online version available at
www.molbiolcell.org.
Corresponding author. E-mail address:
yuli.wang{at}umassmed.edu.
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