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Vol. 12, Issue 2, 503-510, February 2001

A New Model for Nuclear Envelope Breakdown

Mark Terasaki,^* Paul Campagnola,^* Melissa M. Rolls, Pascal A. Stein, Jan Ellenberg,^§ Beth Hinkle,^* and Boris Slepchenko^*

 ^*Department of Physiology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06032;  Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; and  ^§European Molecular Biology Laboratory, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany

Nuclear envelope breakdown was investigated during meiotic maturation of starfish oocytes. Fluorescent 70-kDa dextran entry, as monitored by confocal microscopy, consists of two phases, a slow uniform increase and then a massive wave. From quantitative analysis of the first phase of dextran entry, and from imaging of green fluorescent protein chimeras, we conclude that nuclear pore disassembly begins several minutes before nuclear envelope breakdown. The best fit for the second phase of entry is with a spreading disruption of the membrane permeability barrier determined by three-dimensional computer simulations of diffusion. We propose a new model for the mechanism of nuclear envelope breakdown in which disassembly of the nuclear pores leads to a fenestration of the nuclear envelope double membrane.

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Online version of this article contains video material for Figures 1, 2, 4, and 5. Online version available at www.molbiolcell.org.

^* Corresponding author. E-mail address: terasaki{at}neuron.uchc.edu.

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Molecular Biology of the Cell
Vol. 12, 503-510, February 2001
Copyright © 2001 by The American Society for Cell Biology

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