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Vol. 12, Issue 3, 589-599, March 2001

Polaris, a Protein Involved in Left-Right Axis Patterning, Localizes to Basal Bodies and Cilia

Patrick D. Taulman,* Courtney J. Haycraft,* Daniel F. Balkovetz,*dagger Dagger and Bradley K. Yoder*§

 *Department of Cell Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294;  dagger Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294; and  Dagger Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama 35294

Mutations in Tg737 cause a wide spectrum of phenotypes, including random left-right axis specification, polycystic kidney disease, liver and pancreatic defects, hydrocephalus, and skeletal patterning abnormalities. To further assess the biological function of Tg737 and its role in the mutant pathology, we identified the cell population expressing Tg737 and determined the subcellular localization of its protein product called Polaris. Tg737 expression is associated with cells possessing either motile or immotile cilia and sperm. Similarly, Polaris concentrated just below the apical membrane in the region of the basal bodies and within the cilia or flagellar axoneme. The data suggest that Polaris functions in a ciliogenic pathway or in cilia maintenance, a role supported by the loss of cilia on the ependymal cell layer in ventricles of Tg737orpk brains and by the lack of node cilia in Tg737Delta 2-3beta Gal mutants.


§ Corresponding author. E-mail address: Byoder{at}uab.edu.


Molecular Biology of the Cell
Vol. 12, 589-599, March 2001
Copyright © 2001 by The American Society for Cell Biology



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Y. Luo, P. M. Vassilev, X. Li, Y. Kawanabe, and J. Zhou
Native Polycystin 2 Functions as a Plasma Membrane Ca2+-Permeable Cation Channel in Renal Epithelia
Mol. Cell. Biol., April 1, 2003; 23(7): 2600 - 2607.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Hum Mol GenetHome page
D. Morgan, L. Eley, J. Sayer, T. Strachan, L. M. Yates, A. S. Craighead, and J. A. Goodship
Expression analyses and interaction with the anaphase promoting complex protein Apc2 suggest a role for inversin in primary cilia and involvement in the cell cycle
Hum. Mol. Genet., December 15, 2002; 11(26): 3345 - 3350.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Am. Soc. Nephrol.Home page
B. K. Yoder, X. Hou, and L. M. Guay-Woodford
The Polycystic Kidney Disease Proteins, Polycystin-1, Polycystin-2, Polaris, and Cystin, Are Co-Localized in Renal Cilia
J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., October 1, 2002; 13(10): 2508 - 2516.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Am. Soc. Nephrol.Home page
J. P. Calvet
Cilia in PKD--Letting It All Hang Out
J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., October 1, 2002; 13(10): 2614 - 2616.
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J. Am. Soc. Nephrol.Home page
P. Igarashi and S. Somlo
Genetics and Pathogenesis of Polycystic Kidney Disease
J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., September 1, 2002; 13(9): 2384 - 2398.
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J. Biol. Chem.Home page
Y. J. Zhang, W. K. O'Neal, S. H. Randell, K. Blackburn, M. B. Moyer, R. C. Boucher, and L. E. Ostrowski
Identification of Dynein Heavy Chain 7 as an Inner Arm Component of Human Cilia That Is Synthesized but Not Assembled in a Case of Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia
J. Biol. Chem., May 10, 2002; 277(20): 17906 - 17915.
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JCBHome page
G. J. Pazour, S. A. Baker, J. A. Deane, D. G. Cole, B. L. Dickert, J. L. Rosenbaum, G. B. Witman, and J. C. Besharse
The intraflagellar transport protein, IFT88, is essential for vertebrate photoreceptor assembly and maintenance
J. Cell Biol., April 1, 2002; 157(1): 103 - 114.
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Hum Mol GenetHome page
I. Ibanez-Tallon, S. Gorokhova, and N. Heintz
Loss of function of axonemal dynein Mdnah5 causes primary ciliary dyskinesia and hydrocephalus
Hum. Mol. Genet., March 1, 2002; 11(6): 715 - 721.
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Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol.Home page
B. K. Yoder, A. Tousson, L. Millican, J. H. Wu, C. E. Bugg Jr., J. A. Schafer, and D. F. Balkovetz
Polaris, a protein disrupted in orpk mutant mice, is required for assembly of renal cilium
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, March 1, 2002; 282(3): F541 - F552.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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JCBHome page
G. J. Pazour, S. A. Baker, J. A. Deane, D. G. Cole, B. L. Dickert, J. L. Rosenbaum, G. B. Witman, and J. C. Besharse
The intraflagellar transport protein, IFT88, is essential for vertebrate photoreceptor assembly and maintenance
J. Cell Biol., April 1, 2002; 157(1): 103 - 114.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]




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