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Vol. 12, Issue 4, 780-794, April 2001
Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, CB #7545, University of
North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
The past decade has seen a remarkable explosion in our knowledge of
the size and diversity of the myosin superfamily. Since these
actin-based motors are candidates to provide the molecular basis for
many cellular movements, it is essential that motility researchers be
aware of the complete set of myosins in a given organism. The
availability of cDNA and/or draft genomic sequences from humans,
Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis
elegans, Arabidopsis thaliana,
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, and
Dictyostelium discoideum has allowed us to tentatively define and compare the sets of myosin genes in these organisms. This
analysis has also led to the identification of several putative myosin
genes that may be of general interest. In humans, for example, we find
a total of 40 known or predicted myosin genes including two new
myosins-I, three new class II (conventional) myosins, a second member
of the class III/ninaC myosins, a gene similar to the class XV deafness
myosin, and a novel myosin sharing at most 33% identity with other
members of the superfamily. These myosins are in addition to the
recently discovered class XVI myosin with N-terminal ankyrin repeats
and two human genes with similarity to the class XVIII PDZ-myosin from
mouse. We briefly describe these newly recognized myosins and extend
our previous phylogenetic analysis of the myosin superfamily to include
a comparison of the complete or nearly complete inventories of myosin
genes from several experimentally important organisms.
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K.-Y. Kim, M. Kovacs, S. Kawamoto, J. R. Sellers, and R. S. Adelstein Disease-associated Mutations and Alternative Splicing Alter the Enzymatic and Motile Activity of Nonmuscle Myosins II-B and II-C J. Biol. Chem., June 17, 2005; 280(24): 22769 - 22775. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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X.-d. Li, R. Ikebe, and M. Ikebe Activation of Myosin Va Function by Melanophilin, a Specific Docking Partner of Myosin Va J. Biol. Chem., May 6, 2005; 280(18): 17815 - 17822. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Kovacs, F. Wang, and J. R. Sellers Mechanism of Action of Myosin X, a Membrane-associated Molecular Motor J. Biol. Chem., April 15, 2005; 280(15): 15071 - 15083. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. P. Robblee, A. O. Olivares, and E. M. De La Cruz Mechanism of Nucleotide Binding to Actomyosin VI: EVIDENCE FOR ALLOSTERIC HEAD-HEAD COMMUNICATION J. Biol. Chem., September 10, 2004; 279(37): 38608 - 38617. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K.-E. Andersson and A. Arner Urinary Bladder Contraction and Relaxation: Physiology and Pathophysiology Physiol Rev, July 1, 2004; 84(3): 935 - 986. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. Togo and R. A. Steinhardt Nonmuscle Myosin IIA and IIB Have Distinct Functions in the Exocytosis-dependent Process of Cell Membrane Repair Mol. Biol. Cell, February 1, 2004; 15(2): 688 - 695. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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E. Golomb, X. Ma, S. S. Jana, Y. A. Preston, S. Kawamoto, N. G. Shoham, E. Goldin, M. A. Conti, J. R. Sellers, and R. S. Adelstein Identification and Characterization of Nonmuscle Myosin II-C, a New Member of the Myosin II Family J. Biol. Chem., January 23, 2004; 279(4): 2800 - 2808. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. T. Cao, W. Chang, S. E. Masters, and M. S. Mooseker Myosin-Va Binds to and Mechanochemically Couples Microtubules to Actin Filaments Mol. Biol. Cell, January 1, 2004; 15(1): 151 - 161. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. R. Wylie and P. D. Chantler Myosin IIA Drives Neurite Retraction Mol. Biol. Cell, November 1, 2003; 14(11): 4654 - 4666. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Kovacs, F. Wang, A. Hu, Y. Zhang, and J. R. Sellers Functional Divergence of Human Cytoplasmic Myosin II: KINETIC CHARACTERIZATION OF THE NON-MUSCLE IIA ISOFORM J. Biol. Chem., October 3, 2003; 278(40): 38132 - 38140. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. Hasson Myosin VI: two distinct roles in endocytosis J. Cell Sci., September 1, 2003; 116(17): 3453 - 3461. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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F. Wang, M. Kovacs, A. Hu, J. Limouze, E. V. Harvey, and J. R. Sellers Kinetic Mechanism of Non-muscle Myosin IIB: FUNCTIONAL ADAPTATIONS FOR TENSION GENERATION AND MAINTENANCE J. Biol. Chem., July 18, 2003; 278(30): 27439 - 27448. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 Y. Hachikubo, K. Ito, and K. Yamamoto Roles of the Hydrophobic Triplet in the Motor Domain of Myosin in the Interaction between Myosin and Actin J. Biochem., July 1, 2003; 134(1): 165 - 171. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. Komaba, A. Inoue, S. Maruta, H. Hosoya, and M. Ikebe Determination of Human Myosin III as a Motor Protein Having a Protein Kinase Activity J. Biol. Chem., June 6, 2003; 278(24): 21352 - 21360. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. B. Buxton, E. Golomb, and R. S. Adelstein Induction of Nonmuscle Myosin Heavy Chain II-C by Butyrate in RAW 264.7 Mouse Macrophages J. Biol. Chem., April 18, 2003; 278(17): 15449 - 15455. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K. Mori, T. Furusawa, T. Okubo, T. Inoue, S. Ikawa, N. Yanai, K. J. Mori, and M. Obinata Genome Structure and Differential Expression of Two Isoforms of a Novel PDZ-Containing Myosin (MysPDZ) (Myo18A) J. Biochem., April 1, 2003; 133(4): 405 - 413. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 M. Lofgren, E. Ekblad, I. Morano, and A. Arner Nonmuscle Myosin Motor of Smooth Muscle J. Gen. Physiol., March 31, 2003; 121(4): 301 - 310. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. E. Brown and P. C. Bridgman Retrograde flow rate is increased in growth cones from myosin IIB knockout mice J. Cell Sci., March 15, 2003; 116(6): 1087 - 1094. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. C. Dose, D. W. Hillman, C. Wong, L. Sohlberg, J. Lin-Jones, and B. Burnside Myo3A, One of Two Class III Myosin Genes Expressed in Vertebrate Retina, Is Localized to the Calycal Processes of Rod and Cone Photoreceptors and Is Expressed in the Sacculus Mol. Biol. Cell, March 1, 2003; 14(3): 1058 - 1073. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. Burgess, M. Walker, F. Wang, J. R. Sellers, H. D. White, P. J. Knight, and J. Trinick The prepower stroke conformation of myosin V J. Cell Biol., December 23, 2002; 159(6): 983 - 991. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 E. Garcia-Garcia and C. Rosales Signal transduction during Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis J. Leukoc. Biol., December 1, 2002; 72(6): 1092 - 1108. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Hu, F. Wang, and J. R. Sellers Mutations in Human Nonmuscle Myosin IIA Found in Patients with May-Hegglin Anomaly and Fechtner Syndrome Result in Impaired Enzymatic Function J. Biol. Chem., November 22, 2002; 277(48): 46512 - 46517. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. V. Rao, L. J. Engle, P. S. Mohan, A. Yuan, D. Qiu, A. Cataldo, L. Hassinger, S. Jacobsen, V. M-Y. Lee, A. Andreadis, et al. Myosin Va binding to neurofilaments is essential for correct myosin Va distribution and transport and neurofilament density J. Cell Biol., October 28, 2002; 159(2): 279 - 290. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. J. Diefenbach, V. M. Latham, D. Yimlamai, C. A. Liu, I. M. Herman, and D. G. Jay Myosin 1c and myosin IIB serve opposing roles in lamellipodial dynamics of the neuronal growth cone J. Cell Biol., September 29, 2002; 158(7): 1207 - 1217. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Nishioka, T. Kohno, M. Tani, N. Yanaihara, Y. Tomizawa, A. Otsuka, S. Sasaki, K. Kobayashi, T. Niki, A. Maeshima, et al. MYO18B, a candidate tumor suppressor gene at chromosome 22q12.1, deleted, mutated, and methylated in human lung cancer PNAS, September 17, 2002; 99(19): 12269 - 12274. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 F. Schachat and M. M. Briggs Phylogenetic implications of the superfast myosin in extraocular muscles J. Exp. Biol., August 1, 2002; 205(15): 2189 - 2201. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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