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Vol. 12, Issue 4, 780-794, April 2001
Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, CB #7545, University of
North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
The past decade has seen a remarkable explosion in our knowledge of
the size and diversity of the myosin superfamily. Since these
actin-based motors are candidates to provide the molecular basis for
many cellular movements, it is essential that motility researchers be
aware of the complete set of myosins in a given organism. The
availability of cDNA and/or draft genomic sequences from humans,
Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis
elegans, Arabidopsis thaliana,
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, and
Dictyostelium discoideum has allowed us to tentatively define and compare the sets of myosin genes in these organisms. This
analysis has also led to the identification of several putative myosin
genes that may be of general interest. In humans, for example, we find
a total of 40 known or predicted myosin genes including two new
myosins-I, three new class II (conventional) myosins, a second member
of the class III/ninaC myosins, a gene similar to the class XV deafness
myosin, and a novel myosin sharing at most 33% identity with other
members of the superfamily. These myosins are in addition to the
recently discovered class XVI myosin with N-terminal ankyrin repeats
and two human genes with similarity to the class XVIII PDZ-myosin from
mouse. We briefly describe these newly recognized myosins and extend
our previous phylogenetic analysis of the myosin superfamily to include
a comparison of the complete or nearly complete inventories of myosin
genes from several experimentally important organisms.
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