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Vol. 13, Issue 10, 3400-3415, October 2002
Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of
Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
Membrane trafficking is central to establishing and maintaining
epithelial cell polarity. One open question is to what extent the
mechanisms regulating membrane trafficking are conserved between nonpolarized and polarized cells. To answer this question, we examined
the dynamics of domain-specific plasma membrane (PM) proteins in three
classes of hepatic cells: polarized and differentiated WIF-B cells,
nonpolarized and differentiated Fao cells, and nonpolarized and
nondifferentiated Clone 9 cells. In nonpolarized cells, mature apical
proteins were uniformly distributed in the PM. Surprisingly, they were
also in an intracellular compartment. Double labeling revealed that the
compartment contained only apical proteins. By monitoring the dynamics
of antibody-labeled molecules in nonpolarized cells, we further found
that apical proteins rapidly recycled between the compartment and PM.
In contrast, the apical PM residents in polarized cells showed neither
internalization nor return to the basolateral PM from which they had
originally come. Cytochalasin D treatment of these polarized cells
revealed that the retention mechanisms are actin dependent. We conclude
from these data that both polarized and nonpolarized cells selectively
sort apical proteins from the PM and transport them to specific, but
different cellular locations. We propose that the intracellular
recycling compartment in nonpolarized cells is an intermediate in
apical surface formation.
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