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Vol. 13, Issue 2, 425-434, February 2002
and
*Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Institute of
Biochemistry, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland; and §Institute
of Medical Virology, Justus Liebig University, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
Bidirectional transport of macromolecules between the nucleus and
the cytoplasm occurs through the nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) by a
signal-mediated mechanism that is directed by targeting signals (NLSs)
residing on the transported molecules or "cargoes." Nuclear
transport starts after interaction of the targeting signal with soluble
cellular receptors. After the formation of the cargo-receptor complex
in the cytosol, this complex crosses the NPC. Herein, we use gold
particles of various sizes coated with cargo-receptor complexes to
determine precisely how large macromolecules crossing the NPC by the
signal-mediated transport mechanism could be. We found that
cargo-receptor-gold complexes with diameter close to 39 nm could be
translocated by the NPC. This implies that macromolecules much larger
than the assumed functional NPC diameter of 26 nm can be transported
into the karyoplasm. The physiological relevance of this finding was
supported by the observation that intact nucleocapsids of human
hepatitis B virus with diameters of 32 and 36 nm are able to cross the
nuclear pore without disassembly.
Present address: Department of Zoology,
University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd., Vancouver,
British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada.
Corresponding author. E-mail address:
pante{at}zoology.ubc.ca.
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