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Vol. 14, Issue 1, 214-229, January 2003
§§
and
*The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United
Kingdom; We explored transcriptional responses of the fission yeast
Schizosaccharomyces pombe to various environmental
stresses. DNA microarrays were used to characterize changes in
expression profiles of all known and predicted genes in response to
five stress conditions: oxidative stress caused by hydrogen peroxide,
heavy metal stress caused by cadmium, heat shock caused by temperature
increase to 39°C, osmotic stress caused by sorbitol, and DNA damage
caused by the alkylating agent methylmethane sulfonate. We define a
core environmental stress response (CESR) common to all, or most,
stresses. There was a substantial overlap between CESR genes of fission yeast and the genes of budding yeast that are stereotypically regulated
during stress. CESR genes were controlled primarily by the
stress-activated mitogen-activated protein kinase Sty1p and the
transcription factor Atf1p. S. pombe also activated gene expression programs more specialized for a given stress or a subset of
stresses. In general, these "stress-specific" responses were less
dependent on the Sty1p mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and may
involve specific regulatory factors. Promoter motifs associated with
some of the groups of coregulated genes were identified. We compare and
contrast global regulation of stress genes in fission and budding
yeasts and discuss evolutionary implications.
Paterson Institute for Cancer Research,
Manchester M20 4BX, United Kingdom; and EMBL
Outstation-Hinxton, European Bioinformatics Institute, Cambridge CB10
1SD, United Kingdom
Corresponding author. E-mail address:
jurg{at}sanger.ac.uk.
§
These authors contributed equally to this paper.
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