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Vol. 14, Issue 1, 302-312, January 2003

and
Departments of *Biochemistry and
The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has four genes,
MCK1, MDS1 (RIM11),
MRK1, and YOL128c, that encode homologues
of mammalian glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3). A gsk-3
null mutant in which these four genes are disrupted showed
growth defects on galactose medium. We isolated several multicopy
suppressors of this growth defect. Two of them encoded Msn2p and
phosphoglucomutase (PGM). Msn2p is a transcription factor that binds to
the stress-response element (STRE). PGM is an enzyme that interconverts
glucose-1 phosphate and glucose-6 phosphate and is regulated by Msn2p
at the transcriptional level. Expression of the mRNAs of
PGM2 and DDR2, whose promoter regions
possess STRE sequences, on induction by heat shock or salt stress was
reduced not only in an msn2 msn4 (msn2
homologue) double mutant but also in the gsk-3 null
mutant. STRE-dependent transcription was greatly inhibited in the
gsk-3 null mutant or mck1 mds1 double
mutant, and this phenotype was suppressed by the expression of Mck1p
but not of a kinase-inactive form of Mck1p. Although Msn2p accumulated
in the nucleus of the gsk-3 null mutant as well as in
the wild-type strain under various stress conditions, its STRE-binding
activity was reduced in extracts prepared from the gsk-3
null mutant or mck1 mds1 double mutant. These results
suggest that yeast GSK-3 promotes formation of a complex between Msn2p
and DNA, which is required for the proper response to different forms
of stress. Because neither Msn2p-GSK-3 complex formation nor
GSK-3-dependent phosphorylation of Msn2p could be detected, the
regulation of Msn2p by GSK-3 may be indirect.
Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences,
Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
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