![[Feedback]](/icons/banner/feedbackACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[For Subscribers]](/icons/banner/subscriberACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[Archive]](/icons/banner/archiveACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[Search]](/icons/banner/searchACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[Contents]](/icons/banner/tocACT.gif){kind=icon}
|
|
|
|
|
||
Vol. 14, Issue 10, 3967-3976, October 2003
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE58185 Linköping, Sweden
Submitted January 28, 2003;
Revised May 29, 2003;
Accepted June 9, 2003
Monitoring Editor: Jennifer Lippincott-Schwartz
Caveolae are noncoated invaginations of the plasma membrane that form in the presence of the protein caveolin. Caveolae are found in most cells, but are especially abundant in adipocytes. By high-resolution electron microscopy of plasma membrane sheets the detailed structure of individual caveolae of primary rat adipocytes was examined. Caveolin-1 and -2 binding was restricted to the membrane proximal region, such as the ducts or necks attaching the caveolar bulb to the membrane. This was confirmed by transfection with myc-tagged caveolin-1 and -2. Essentially the same results were obtained with human fibroblasts. Hence caveolin does not form the caveolar bulb in these cells, but rather the neck and may thus act to retain the caveolar constituents, indicating how caveolin participates in the formation of caveolae. Caveolae, randomly distributed over the plasma membrane, were very heterogeneous, varying in size between 25 and 150 nm. There was about one million caveolae in an adipocyte, which increased the surface area of the plasma membrane by 50%. Half of the caveolae, those larger than 50 nm, had access to the outside of the cell via ducts and 20-nm orifices at the cell surface. The rest of the caveolae, those smaller than 50 nm, were not open to the cell exterior. Cholesterol depletion destroyed both caveolae and the cell surface orifices.
Abbreviations used: SEM, scanning electron microscopy; TEM, transmission electron microscopy.
Online version of this article contains video material. Online version is available at www.molbiolcell.org.
* Corresponding author. E-mail address: peter.stralfors{at}ibk.liu.se.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  A. Fujita, J. Cheng, K. Tauchi-Sato, T. Takenawa, and T. Fujimoto A distinct pool of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in caveolae revealed by a nanoscale labeling technique PNAS, June 9, 2009; 106(23): 9256 - 9261. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. Liu and P. F. Pilch A Critical Role of Cavin (Polymerase I and Transcript Release Factor) in Caveolae Formation and Organization J. Biol. Chem., February 15, 2008; 283(7): 4314 - 4322. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Ost, A. Danielsson, M. Liden, U. Eriksson, F. H. Nystrom, and P. Stralfors Retinol-binding protein-4 attenuates insulin-induced phosphorylation of IRS1 and ERK1/2 in primary human adipocytes FASEB J, November 1, 2007; 21(13): 3696 - 3704. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Finzi, A. Orthwein, J. Mercier, and E. A. Cohen Productive Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Assembly Takes Place at the Plasma Membrane J. Virol., July 15, 2007; 81(14): 7476 - 7490. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. M. Suchyna and F. Sachs Mechanosensitive channel properties and membrane mechanics in mouse dystrophic myotubes J. Physiol., May 15, 2007; 581(1): 369 - 387. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. D. Landry, M. Denis, S. Nandi, S. Bell, A. M. Vaughan, and X. Zha ATP-binding Cassette Transporter A1 Expression Disrupts Raft Membrane Microdomains through Its ATPase-related Functions J. Biol. Chem., November 24, 2006; 281(47): 36091 - 36101. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. G. Parton, M. Hanzal-Bayer, and J. F. Hancock Biogenesis of caveolae: a structural model for caveolin-induced domain formation. J. Cell Sci., March 1, 2006; 119(Pt 5): 787 - 796. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Ost, U. Ortegren, J. Gustavsson, F. H. Nystrom, and P. Stralfors Triacylglycerol Is Synthesized in a Specific Subclass of Caveolae in Primary Adipocytes J. Biol. Chem., January 7, 2005; 280(1): 5 - 8. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Huang, L. Lifshitz, V. Patki-Kamath, R. Tuft, K. Fogarty, and M. P. Czech Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-Bisphosphate-Rich Plasma Membrane Patches Organize Active Zones of Endocytosis and Ruffling in Cultured Adipocytes Mol. Cell. Biol., October 15, 2004; 24(20): 9102 - 9123. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Watters Video Views and Reviews: Golgi Export, Targeting, and Plasma Membrane Caveolae CBE Life Sci Educ, September 1, 2004; 3(3): 141 - 145. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
