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Vol. 14, Issue 2, 384-395, February 2003
and
Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas
Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, Texas 75390-9039
Cell motility determines form and function of multicellular
organisms. Most studies on fibroblast motility have been carried out
using cells on the surfaces of culture dishes. In situ, however, the
environment for fibroblasts is the three-dimensional extracellular matrix. In the current research, we studied the morphology and motility
of human fibroblasts embedded in floating collagen matrices at a cell
density below that required for global matrix remodeling (i.e.,
contraction). Under these conditions, cells were observed to project
and retract a dendritic network of extensions. These extensions
contained microtubule cores with actin concentrated at the tips
resembling growth cones. Platelet-derived growth factor promoted
formation of the network; lysophosphatidic acid stimulated its
retraction in a Rho and Rho kinase-dependent manner. The dendritic network also supported metabolic coupling between cells. We suggest that the dendritic network provides a mechanism by which fibroblasts explore and become interconnected to each other in three-dimensional space.
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