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Vol. 15, Issue 1, 176-188, January 2004
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Epithelial Pathobiology Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
Submitted May 20, 2003;
Revised August 26, 2003;
Accepted September 4, 2003
Monitoring Editor: Daniel Goodenough
The adherens junction (AJ) and tight junction (TJ) are key regulators of epithelial polarity and barrier function. Loss of epithelial phenotype is accompanied by endocytosis of AJs and TJs via unknown mechanisms. Using a model of calcium depletion, we defined the pathway of internalization of AJ and TJ proteins (E-cadherin, p120 and 
-catenins, occludin, JAM-1, claudins 1 and 4, and ZO-1) in T84 epithelial cells. Proteinase protection assay and immunocytochemistry revealed orchestrated internalization of AJs and TJs into a subapical cytoplasmic compartment. Disruption of caveolae/lipid rafts did not prevent endocytosis, nor did caveolin-1 colocalize with internalized junctional proteins. Furthermore, AJ and TJ proteins did not colocalize with the macropinocytosis marker dextran. Inhibitors of clathrin-mediated endocytosis blocked internalization of AJs and TJs, and junctional proteins colocalized with clathrin and 
-adaptin. AJ and TJ proteins were observed to enter early endosomes followed by movement to organelles that stained with syntaxin-4 but not with markers of late and recycling endosomes, lysosomes, or Golgi. These results indicate that endocytosis of junctional proteins is a clathrin-mediated process leading into a unique storage compartment. Such mechanisms may mediate the disruption of intercellular contacts during normal tissue remodeling and in pathology.
Abbreviations used: AJ, adherens junction; EEA1, early endosomal antigen 1; EIPA, 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl)-amiloride; JAM, junctional adhesion molecule, MCD, methyl--cyclodextrin, PI, phosphatidylinositol; POA, phenylarsine oxide; TEER, transepithelial electrical resistance; TJ, tight junction; ZO-1, zonula occludens 1.
* Corresponding author. E-mail address: aiivano{at}emory.edu.
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