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Vol. 15, Issue 12, 5538-5550, December 2004
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s Protein

Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0651
Submitted June 3, 2004;
Revised September 15, 2004;
Accepted September 17, 2004
Monitoring Editor: Juan S. Bonifacino
Heterotrimeric G proteins have been implicated in the regulation of membrane trafficking, but the mechanisms involved are not well understood. Here, we report that overexpression of the stimulatory G protein subunit (G
s) promotes ligand-dependent degradation of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors and Texas Red EGF, and knock-down of G
s expression by RNA interference (RNAi) delays receptor degradation. We also show that G
s and its GTPase activating protein (GAP), RGS-PX1, interact with hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate (Hrs), a critical component of the endosomal sorting machinery. G
s coimmunoprecipitates with Hrs and binds Hrs in pull-down assays. By immunofluorescence, exogenously expressed G
s colocalizes with myc-Hrs and GFP-RGS-PX1 on early endosomes, and expression of either Hrs or RGS-PX1 increases the localization of G
s on endosomes. Furthermore, knock-down of both Hrs and G
s by double RNAi causes greater inhibition of EGF receptor degradation than knock-down of either protein alone, suggesting that G
s and Hrs have cooperative effects on regulating EGF receptor degradation. These observations define a novel regulatory role for G
s in EGF receptor degradation and provide mechanistic insights into the function of G
s in endocytic sorting.
Abbreviations used: EGF, epidermal growth factor; EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; ESCRT, endosomal sorting complexes required for transport; GAP, GTPase activating protein; GPCR, G protein-coupled receptor; Hrs, hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate; MVB, multivesicular body; PFA, paraformaldehyde; PX, phoX domain; RGS, regulator of G protein signaling; RNAi, RNA interference; siRNA, small-interfering RNA; SNX, sorting nexin.
* These authors contributed equally to this work.
Corresponding author. E-mail address: mfarquhar{at}ucsd.edu.
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