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Vol. 15, Issue 4, 1862-1870, April 2004
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Division of Stroke and Vascular Disease, St. Boniface General Hospital Research Centre; and Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada R2H 2A6
Submitted April 22, 2003;
Revised December 24, 2003;
Accepted January 5, 2004
Monitoring Editor: Pamela Silver
The tumor suppressor protein, p53 is a transcription factor that not only activates expression of genes containing the p53 binding site but also can repress the expression of some genes lacking this binding site. Previous studies have shown that overexpression of wild-type p53 leads to apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. DNA damage, such as that caused by UV irradiation, results in p53 stabilization and nuclear localization that subsequently induces apoptosis. Recently, the level of calreticulin (CRT) has been correlated with the rate of apoptosis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of CRT in the regulation of apoptosis via modulating p53 function and expression. Here we show a significant decrease in both basal and DNA damage induced p53 functions in the CRT-deficient cells (crt-/-). This study is the first to demonstrate that CRT function is required for the stability and localization of the p53 protein. By using immuonocytochemical techniques, we showed that observed changes in p53 in the crt-/- cells are due to the nuclear accumulation of Mdm2 (murine double minute gene). These results, lead us to conclude that CRT regulates p53 function by affecting its rate of degradation and nuclear localization.
Abbreviations used: CRT, calreticulin; Mdm2, murine double minute protein; MEF, mouse embryonic fibroblast; NES, nuclear export signal; NLS, nuclear import signal; HA, hemagglutinin; crt-/- cells, calreticulin null cells; CRT-crt-/- cells, calreticulin null cells stably transfected with calreticulin-HA.
* Corresponding author. E-mail address: nmesaeli{at}sbrc.ca.
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