![[Feedback]](/icons/banner/feedbackACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[For Subscribers]](/icons/banner/subscriberACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[Archive]](/icons/banner/archiveACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[Search]](/icons/banner/searchACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[Contents]](/icons/banner/tocACT.gif){kind=icon}
|
|
|
|
|
||
Vol. 16, Issue 1, 328-338, January 2005
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
Submitted June 14, 2004;
Revised September 28, 2004;
Accepted October 1, 2004
Monitoring Editor: Jennifer Lippincott-Schwartz
Cell migration is a highly coordinated process that occurs through the translation of biochemical signals into specific biomechanical events. The biochemical and structural properties of the proteins involved in cell motility, as well as their subcellular localization, have been studied extensively. However, how these proteins work in concert to generate the mechanical properties required to produce global motility is not well understood. Using intracellular microrheology and a fibroblast scratch-wound assay, we show that cytoskeleton reorganization produced by motility results in mechanical stiffening of both the leading lamella and the perinuclear region of motile cells. This effect is significantly more pronounced in the leading edge, suggesting that the mechanical properties of migrating fibroblasts are spatially coordinated. Disruption of the microtubule network by nocodazole treatment results in the arrest of cell migration and a loss of subcellular mechanical polarization; however, the overall mechanical properties of the cell remain mostly unchanged. Furthermore, we find that activation of Rac and Cdc42 in quiescent fibroblasts elicits mechanical behavior similar to that of migrating cells. We conclude that a polarized mechanics of the cytoskelton is essential for directed cell migration and is coordinated through microtubules.
The online version of this article contains supplemental material at MBC Online (http://www.molbiolcell.org).
* Corresponding author. E-mail address: wirtz{at}jhu.edu.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  R. J. Bloom, J. P. George, A. Celedon, S. X. Sun, and D. Wirtz Mapping Local Matrix Remodeling Induced by a Migrating Tumor Cell Using Three-Dimensional Multiple-Particle Tracking Biophys. J., October 15, 2008; 95(8): 4077 - 4088. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. C. del Alamo, G. N. Norwich, Y.-s. J. Li, J. C. Lasheras, and S. Chien Anisotropic rheology and directional mechanotransduction in vascular endothelial cells PNAS, October 7, 2008; 105(40): 15411 - 15416. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. A. Wagh, E. Roan, K. E. Chapman, L. P. Desai, D. A. Rendon, E. C. Eckstein, and C. M. Waters Localized elasticity measured in epithelial cells migrating at a wound edge using atomic force microscopy Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, July 1, 2008; 295(1): L54 - L60. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. S. Rogers, T. A. Waigh, and J. R. Lu Intracellular Microrheology of Motile Amoeba proteus Biophys. J., April 15, 2008; 94(8): 3313 - 3322. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Icard-Arcizet, O. Cardoso, A. Richert, and S. Henon Cell Stiffening in Response to External Stress is Correlated to Actin Recruitment Biophys. J., April 1, 2008; 94(7): 2906 - 2913. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. H. Dangaria and P. J. Butler Macrorheology and adaptive microrheology of endothelial cells subjected to fluid shear stress Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, November 1, 2007; 293(5): C1568 - C1575. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Stamenovic, N. Rosenblatt, M. Montoya-Zavala, B. D. Matthews, S. Hu, B. Suki, N. Wang, and D. E. Ingber Rheological Behavior of Living Cells Is Timescale-Dependent Biophys. J., October 15, 2007; 93(8): L39 - L41. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. S. H. Lee, C. M. Hale, P. Panorchan, S. B. Khatau, J. P. George, Y. Tseng, C. L. Stewart, D. Hodzic, and D. Wirtz Nuclear Lamin A/C Deficiency Induces Defects in Cell Mechanics, Polarization, and Migration Biophys. J., October 1, 2007; 93(7): 2542 - 2552. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Kroboth, I. P. Newton, K. Kita, D. Dikovskaya, J. Zumbrunn, C. M. Waterman-Storer, and I. S. Nathke Lack of Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein Correlates with a Decrease in Cell Migration and Overall Changes in Microtubule Stability Mol. Biol. Cell, March 1, 2007; 18(3): 910 - 918. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Weihs, T. G. Mason, and M. A. Teitell Bio-Microrheology: A Frontier in Microrheology Biophys. J., December 1, 2006; 91(11): 4296 - 4305. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Panorchan, J. S. H. Lee, T. P. Kole, Y. Tseng, and D. Wirtz Microrheology and ROCK Signaling of Human Endothelial Cells Embedded in a 3D Matrix Biophys. J., November 1, 2006; 91(9): 3499 - 3507. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. H. Zaman, L. M. Trapani, A. L. Sieminski, D. MacKellar, H. Gong, R. D. Kamm, A. Wells, D. A. Lauffenburger, and P. Matsudaira Migration of tumor cells in 3D matrices is governed by matrix stiffness along with cell-matrix adhesion and proteolysis PNAS, July 18, 2006; 103(29): 10889 - 10894. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. R. Daniels, B. C. Masi, and D. Wirtz Probing Single-Cell Micromechanics In Vivo: The Microrheology of C. elegans Developing Embryos Biophys. J., June 15, 2006; 90(12): 4712 - 4719. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. S. H. Lee, P. Panorchan, C. M. Hale, S. B. Khatau, T. P. Kole, Y. Tseng, and D. Wirtz Ballistic intracellular nanorheology reveals ROCK-hard cytoplasmic stiffening response to fluid flow. J. Cell Sci., May 1, 2006; 119(Pt 9): 1760 - 1768. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Atilgan, D. Wirtz, and S. X. Sun Mechanics and Dynamics of Actin-Driven Thin Membrane Protrusions Biophys. J., January 1, 2006; 90(1): 65 - 76. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. Yap and R. D. Kamm Mechanical deformation of neutrophils into narrow channels induces pseudopod projection and changes in biomechanical properties J Appl Physiol, May 1, 2005; 98(5): 1930 - 1939. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
