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Vol. 16, Issue 11, 5445-5454, November 2005
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* Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain;
Departamento de Inmuno-Biología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
Submitted April 26, 2005;
Revised August 22, 2005;
Accepted August 29, 2005
Monitoring Editor: Ralph Isberg
Efficient human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection depends on multiple interactions between the viral gp41/gp120 envelope (Env) proteins and cell surface receptors. However, cytoskeleton-associated proteins that modify membrane dynamics may also regulate the formation of the HIV-mediated fusion pore and hence viral infection. Because the effects of HDAC6-tubulin deacetylase on cortical
-tubulin regulate cell migration and immune synapse organization, we explored the possible role of HDAC6 in HIV-1-envelope-mediated cell fusion and infection. The binding of the gp120 protein to CD4+-permissive cells increased the level of acetylated
-tubulin in a CD4-dependent manner. Furthermore, overexpression of active HDAC6 inhibited the acetylation of
-tubulin, and remarkably, prevented HIV-1 envelope-dependent cell fusion and infection without affecting the expression and codistribution of HIV-1 receptors. In contrast, knockdown of HDAC6 expression or inhibition of its tubulin deacetylase activity strongly enhanced HIV-1 infection and syncytia formation. These results demonstrate that HDAC6 plays a significant role in regulating HIV-1 infection and Env-mediated syncytia formation.
Abbreviations used: HDAC6, histone deacetylase 6; NaBut, sodium butyrate; PBL, peripheral blood lymphocyte; siRNA, short interference RNA; TSA, trichostatin A.
Address correspondence to: F. Sánchez-Madrid (fsanchez.hlpr{at}salud.madrid.org).
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