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Vol. 18, Issue 10, 3860-3872, October 2007

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The Abl-related Gene Tyrosine Kinase Acts through p190RhoGAP to Inhibit Actomyosin Contractility and Regulate Focal Adhesion Dynamics upon Adhesion to Fibronectin

Justin G. Peacock^*,, Ann L. Miller^*,,, William D. Bradley^*, Olga C. Rodriguez, Donna J. Webb^||, and Anthony J. Koleske^*,¶,#

*Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, ^¶Department of Neurobiology, and ^#Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511; Department of Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037; and ^||Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235

Submitted January 29, 2007; Revised June 8, 2007; Accepted July 13, 2007
Monitoring Editor: Richard Assoian

In migrating cells, actin polymerization promotes protrusion of the leading edge, whereas actomyosin contractility powers net cell body translocation. Although they promote F-actin–dependent protrusions of the cell periphery upon adhesion to fibronectin (FN), Abl family kinases inhibit cell migration on FN. We provide evidence here that the Abl-related gene (Arg/Abl2) kinase inhibits fibroblast migration by attenuating actomyosin contractility and regulating focal adhesion dynamics. arg–/– fibroblasts migrate at faster average speeds than wild-type (wt) cells, whereas Arg re-expression in these cells slows migration. Surprisingly, the faster migrating arg–/– fibroblasts have more prominent F-actin stress fibers and focal adhesions and exhibit increased actomyosin contractility relative to wt cells. Interestingly, Arg requires distinct functional domains to inhibit focal adhesions and actomyosin contractility. The kinase domain–containing Arg N-terminal half can act through the RhoA inhibitor p190RhoGAP to attenuate stress fiber formation and cell contractility. However, Arg requires both its kinase activity and its cytoskeleton-binding C-terminal half to fully inhibit focal adhesions. Although focal adhesions do not turn over efficiently in the trailing edge of arg–/– cells, the increased contractility of arg–/– cells tears the adhesions from the substrate, allowing for the faster migration observed in these cells. Together, our data strongly suggest that Arg inhibits cell migration by restricting actomyosin contractility and regulating its coupling to the substrate through focal adhesions.

The online version of this article contains supplemental material at MBC Online (http://www.molbiolcell.org).

These authors contributed equally to this work.

Present address: Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI.

Address correspondence to: Anthony J. Koleske (anthony.koleske{at}yale.edu)

Abbreviations used: p190RhoGAP, 190-kD GTPase-activating protein for Rho; Abl, Abelson; Arg, Abelson-related gene; ArgC-YFP, Arg mutant lacking the F-actin–and microtubule-binding C-terminal half; Arg-YFP, Arg-yellow fluorescent protein; F, filamentous; FA, focal adhesion; FN, fibronectin; ArgKI-YFP, kinase-inactive Arg point mutant; MT, microtubule; OD, optical density; p190^+/+, p190rhogapa^+/+; p190–/–, p190rhogapa–/–; Rac, Rac1; MLC, regulatory myosin light chain; Rho, RhoA; ROCK, Rho-associated kinase; pMLC, Ser-19 phosphorylated regulatory myosin light chain; wt, wild type.

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