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Vol. 18, Issue 4, 1397-1409, April 2007

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Muscle Satellite Cells and Endothelial Cells: Close Neighbors and Privileged Partners

Christo Christov^*,,,,||, Fabrice Chrétien^*,,,||,¶, Rana Abou-Khalil^*,,, Guillaume Bassez^*,,, Grégoire Vallet^*,,, François-Jérôme Authier^*,,, Yann Bassaglia^*,,, Vasily Shinin^¶, Shahragim Tajbakhsh^¶, Bénédicte Chazaud^*,,, and Romain K. Gherardi^*,,,,||

*INSERM, Unité 841, IMRB, Team No. 10, Créteil, F-94000, France; Université Paris XII-Val de Marne, Créteil, F-94000, France; Service d'Histologie, Département de Pathologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, F-94000 Créteil, France; "PICTURES" Cell and Tissue Imaging Unit of Institut Mondor de Médecine Moléculaire, IFR 10, Créteil, F-94000 France; and ^¶"Stem Cells and Development," Department of Developmental Biology, Pasteur Institute, Paris, F-75015 France

Submitted August 9, 2006; Revised December 22, 2006; Accepted January 30, 2007
Monitoring Editor: Marianne Bronner-Fraser

Genetically engineered mice (Myf5^nLacZ/+, Myf5^GFP-P/+) allowing direct muscle satellite cell (SC) visualization indicate that, in addition to being located beneath myofiber basal laminae, SCs are strikingly close to capillaries. After GFP⁺ bone marrow transplantation, blood-borne cells occupying SC niches previously depleted by irradiation were similarly detected near vessels, thereby corroborating the anatomical stability of juxtavascular SC niches. Bromodeoxyuridine pulse-chase experiments also localize quiescent and less quiescent SCs near vessels. SCs, and to a lesser extent myonuclei, were nonrandomly associated with capillaries in humans. Significantly, they were correlated with capillarization of myofibers, regardless to their type, in normal muscle. They also varied in paradigmatic physiological and pathological situations associated with variations of capillary density, including amyopathic dermatomyositis, a unique condition in which muscle capillary loss occurs without myofiber damage, and in athletes in whom capillaries increase in number. Endothelial cell (EC) cultures specifically enhanced SC growth, through IGF-1, HGF, bFGF, PDGF-BB, and VEGF, and, accordingly, cycling SCs remained mainly juxtavascular. Conversely, differentiating myogenic cells were both proangiogenic in vitro and spatiotemporally associated with neoangiogenesis in muscular dystrophy. Thus, SCs are largely juxtavascular and reciprocally interact with ECs during differentiation to support angio-myogenesis.

The online version of this article contains supplemental material at MBC Online (http://www.molbiolcell.org).

^|| These authors contributed equally to this work.

Address correspondence to: Romain K. Gherardi (romain.gherardi{at}hmn.aphp.fr)

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