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Originally published as MBC in Press, 10.1091/mbc.E07-10-1048 on February 20, 2008

Vol. 19, Issue 5, 2039-2050, May 2008

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Organization of the Pre-autophagosomal Structure Responsible for Autophagosome Formation

Tomoko Kawamata*,{dagger}, Yoshiaki Kamada*, Yukiko Kabeya, Takayuki Sekito, and Yoshinori Ohsumi

Department of Cell Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, and School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan

Submitted October 18, 2007; Revised February 7, 2008; Accepted February 13, 2008
Monitoring Editor: Suresh Subramani

Autophagy induced by nutrient depletion is involved in survival during starvation conditions. In addition to starvation-induced autophagy, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae also has a constitutive autophagy-like system, the Cvt pathway. Among 31 autophagy-related (Atg) proteins, the function of Atg17, Atg29, and Atg31 is required specifically for autophagy. In this study, we investigated the role of autophagy-specific (i.e., non-Cvt) proteins under autophagy-inducing conditions. For this purpose, we used atg11{Delta} cells in which the Cvt pathway is abrogated. The autophagy-unique proteins are required for the localization of Atg proteins to the pre-autophagosomal structure (PAS), the putative site for autophagosome formation, under starvation condition. It is likely that these Atg proteins function as a ternary complex, because Atg29 and Atg31 bind to Atg17. The Atg1 kinase complex (Atg1–Atg13) is also essential for recruitment of Atg proteins to the PAS. The assembly of Atg proteins to the PAS is observed only under autophagy-inducing conditions, indicating that this structure is specifically involved in autophagosome formation. Our results suggest that Atg1 complex and the autophagy-unique Atg proteins cooperatively organize the PAS in response to starvation signals.

This article was published online ahead of print in MBC in Press (http://www.molbiolcell.org/cgi/doi/10.1091/mbc.E07-10-1048) on February 20, 2008.

* These authors contributed equally to this work.

{dagger} Present address: Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan.

Address correspondence to: Yoshinori Ohsumi (yohsumi{at}nibb.ac.jp)

Abbreviations used: ALP, alkaline phosphatase; Cvt, cytoplasm to vacuole targeting; PAS, preautophagosomal structure.




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