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Vol. 20, Issue 1, 338-347, January 1, 2009

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Multiple Regulatory Steps Control Mammalian Nonmuscle Myosin II Assembly in Live Cells

Mark T. Breckenridge^*, Natalya G. Dulyaninova, and Thomas T. Egelhoff

*Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106; Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461; and Department of Cell Biology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195

Submitted April 23, 2008; Revised September 24, 2008; Accepted October 20, 2008
Monitoring Editor: Yu-Li Wang

To better understand the mechanism controlling nonmuscle myosin II (NM-II) assembly in mammalian cells, mutant NM-IIA constructs were created to allow tests in live cells of two widely studied models for filament assembly control. A GFP-NM-IIA construct lacking the RLC binding domain (IQ2) destabilizes the 10S sequestered monomer state and results in a severe defect in recycling monomers during spreading, and from the posterior to the leading edge during polarized migration. A GFP-NM-IIA construct lacking the nonhelical tailpiece (tailpiece) is competent for leading edge assembly, but overassembles, suggesting defects in disassembly from lamellae subsequent to initial recruitment. The tailpiece phenotype was recapitulated by a GFP-NM-IIA construct carrying a mutation in a mapped tailpiece phosphorylation site (S1943A), validating the importance of the tailpiece and tailpiece phosphorylation in normal lamellar myosin II assembly control. These results demonstrate that both the 6S/10S conformational change and the tailpiece contribute to the localization and assembly of myosin II in mammalian cells. This work furthermore offers cellular insights that help explain platelet and leukocyte defects associated with R1933-stop alleles of patients afflicted with human MYH9-related disorder.

Address correspondence to: Tom Egelhoff (Egelhot{at}ccf.org).

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