![[Feedback]](/icons/banner/feedbackACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[For Subscribers]](/icons/banner/subscriberACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[Archive]](/icons/banner/archiveACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[Search]](/icons/banner/searchACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[Contents]](/icons/banner/tocACT.gif){kind=icon}
|
|
|
|
|
||
TW White, R Bruzzone, DA Goodenough and DL Paul
Program in Cell and Developmental Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.
The crystalline lens is an attractive system to study the biology of intercellular communication; however, the identity of the structural components of gap junctions in the lens has been controversial. We have cloned a novel member of the connexin family of gap junction proteins, Cx50, and have shown that it is likely to correspond to the previously described lens fiber protein MP70. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of MP70 closely matches the sequence predicted by the clone. Cx50 mRNA is detected only in the lens, among the 12 organs tested, and this distribution is indistinguishable from that of MP70 protein. A monoclonal antibody directed against MP70 and an anti-Cx50 antibody produced against a synthetic peptide identify the same proteins on western blots and produce identical patterns of immunofluorescence on frozen sections of rodent lens. We also show that expression of Cx50 in paired Xenopus oocytes induces high levels of voltage-dependent conductance. This indicates that Cx50 is a functional member of the connexin family with unique physiological properties. With the cloning of Cx50, all known participants in gap junction formation between various cell types in the lens are available for study and reconstitution in experimental systems.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  B. C. Thomas, P. J. Minogue, V. Valiunas, G. Kanaporis, P. R. Brink, V. M. Berthoud, and E. C. Beyer Cataracts Are Caused by Alterations of a Critical N-Terminal Positive Charge in Connexin50 Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., June 1, 2008; 49(6): 2549 - 2556. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Shearer, W. Ens, K. Standing, and G. Valdimarsson Posttranslational Modifications in Lens Fiber Connexins Identified by Off-Line-HPLC MALDI-Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., April 1, 2008; 49(4): 1553 - 1562. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A Arora, P J Minogue, X Liu, P K Addison, I Russel-Eggitt, A R Webster, D M Hunt, L Ebihara, E C Beyer, V M Berthoud, et al. A novel connexin50 mutation associated with congenital nuclear pulverulent cataracts J. Med. Genet., March 1, 2008; 45(3): 155 - 160. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. W. White, Y. Gao, L. Li, C. Sellitto, and M. Srinivas Optimal Lens Epithelial Cell Proliferation Is Dependent on the Connexin Isoform Providing Gap Junctional Coupling Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., December 1, 2007; 48(12): 5630 - 5637. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. M. DeRosa, C.-H. Xia, X. Gong, and T. W. White The cataract-inducing S50P mutation in Cx50 dominantly alters the channel gating of wild-type lens connexins J. Cell Sci., December 1, 2007; 120(23): 4107 - 4116. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. P. G Ponnam, K. Ramesha, S. Tejwani, B. Ramamurthy, and C. Kannabiran Mutation of the gap junction protein alpha 8 (GJA8) gene causes autosomal recessive cataract J. Med. Genet., July 1, 2007; 44(7): e85 - e85. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. J. O'Brien, W. Li, F. Pan, J. Keung, J. O'Brien, and S. C. Massey Coupling between A-Type Horizontal Cells Is Mediated by Connexin 50 Gap Junctions in the Rabbit Retina. J. Neurosci., November 8, 2006; 26(45): 11624 - 11636. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. Dong, X. Liu, H. Li, B. M. Vertel, and L. Ebihara Role of the N-terminus in permeability of chicken connexin45.6 gap junctional channels J. Physiol., November 1, 2006; 576(3): 787 - 799. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. M. DeRosa, R. Mui, M. Srinivas, and T. W. White Functional characterization of a naturally occurring cx50 truncation. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., October 1, 2006; 47(10): 4474 - 4481. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Srinivas, D. P. Calderon, J. Kronengold, and V. K. Verselis Regulation of Connexin Hemichannels by Monovalent Cations J. Gen. Physiol., December 27, 2005; 127(1): 67 - 75. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 X. S. Yu, X. Yin, E. M. Lafer, and J. X. Jiang Developmental Regulation of the Direct Interaction between the Intracellular Loop of Connexin 45.6 and the C Terminus of Major Intrinsic Protein (Aquaporin-0) J. Biol. Chem., June 10, 2005; 280(23): 22081 - 22090. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. L. Shurman, L. Glazewski, A. Gumpert, J. D. Zieske, and G. Richard In Vivo and In Vitro Expression of Connexins in the Human Corneal Epithelium Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., June 1, 2005; 46(6): 1957 - 1965. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J.-J. Tong, X. Liu, L. Dong, and L. Ebihara Exchange of Gating Properties Between Rat Cx46 and Chicken Cx45.6 Biophys. J., October 1, 2004; 87(4): 2397 - 2406. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Sellitto, L. Li, and T. W. White Connexin50 Is Essential for Normal Postnatal Lens Cell Proliferation Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., September 1, 2004; 45(9): 3196 - 3202. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. D. Jacobs, C. Soeller, A. M. G. Sisley, M. B. Cannell, and P. J. Donaldson Gap Junction Processing and Redistribution Revealed by Quantitative Optical Measurements of Connexin46 Epitopes in the Lens Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., January 1, 2004; 45(1): 191 - 199. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C E Willoughby, S. Arab, R Gandhi, S Zeinali, S. Arab, D Luk, G Billingsley, F L Munier, and E Heon A novel GJA8 mutation in an Iranian family with progressive autosomal dominant congenital nuclear cataract J. Med. Genet., November 1, 2003; 40(11): e124 - 124. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. P. Cherian, B. Cheng, S. Gu, E. Sprague, L. F. Bonewald, and J. X. Jiang Effects of Mechanical Strain on the Function of Gap Junctions in Osteocytes Are Mediated through the Prostaglandin EP2 Receptor J. Biol. Chem., October 31, 2003; 278(44): 43146 - 43156. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. C. SAEZ, V. M. BERTHOUD, M. C. BRANES, A. D. MARTINEZ, and E. C. BEYER Plasma Membrane Channels Formed by Connexins: Their Regulation and Functions Physiol Rev, October 1, 2003; 83(4): 1359 - 1400. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. A. Gerido, C. Sellitto, L. Li, and T. W. White Genetic Background Influences Cataractogenesis, but Not Lens Growth Deficiency, in Cx50-Knockout Mice Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., June 1, 2003; 44(6): 2669 - 2674. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. A. Nielsen, A. Baruch, V. I. Shestopalov, B. N.G. Giepmans, I. Dunia, E. L. Benedetti, and N. M. Kumar Lens Connexins {alpha}3Cx46 and {alpha}8Cx50 Interact with Zonula Occludens Protein-1 (ZO-1) Mol. Biol. Cell, June 1, 2003; 14(6): 2470 - 2481. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. Rong, X. Wang, I. Niesman, Y. Wu, L. E. Benedetti, I. Dunia, E. Levy, and X. Gong Disruption of Gja8 ({alpha}8 connexin) in mice leads to microphthalmia associated with retardation of lens growth and lens fiber maturation Development, January 1, 2002; 129(1): 167 - 174. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. W. White, C. Sellitto, D. L. Paul, and D. A. Goodenough Prenatal Lens Development in Connexin43 and Connexin50 Double Knockout Mice Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., November 1, 2001; 42(12): 2916 - 2923. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Srinivas, M. G. Hopperstad, and D. C. Spray Quinine blocks specific gap junction channel subtypes PNAS, September 4, 2001; (2001) 191206198. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. Cheng, Y. Kato, S. Zhao, J. Luo, E. Sprague, L. F. Bonewald, and J. X. Jiang PGE2 Is Essential for Gap Junction-Mediated Intercellular Communication between Osteocyte-Like MLO-Y4 Cells in Response to Mechanical Strain Endocrinology, August 1, 2001; 142(8): 3464 - 3473. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A.-C. N. Le and L. S. Musil A novel role for FGF and extracellular signal-regulated kinase in gap junction-mediated intercellular communication in the lens J. Cell Biol., July 9, 2001; 154(1): 197 - 216. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Feigenspan, B. Teubner, K. Willecke, and R. Weiler Expression of Neuronal Connexin36 in AII Amacrine Cells of the Mammalian Retina J. Neurosci., January 1, 2001; 21(1): 230 - 239. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. D. Pal, X. Liu, D. Mackay, A. Shiels, V. M. Berthoud, E. C. Beyer, and L. Ebihara Connexin46 mutations linked to congenital cataract show loss of gap junction channel function Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, September 1, 2000; 279(3): C596 - C602. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D.-I Yang and C. F. Louis Molecular Cloning of Ovine Connexin44 and Temporal Expression of Gap Junction Proteins in a Lens Cell Culture Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., August 1, 2000; 41(9): 2658 - 2664. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. M. Berthoud, E. M. Westphale, A. Grigoryeva, and E. C. Beyer PKC Isoenzymes in the Chicken Lens and TPA-Induced Effects on Intercellular Communication Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., March 1, 2000; 41(3): 850 - 858. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Merriman-Smith, P. Donaldson, and J. Kistler Differential Expression of Facilitative Glucose Transporters GLUT1 and GLUT3 in the Lens Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., December 1, 1999; 40(13): 3224 - 3230. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
X. Xu and L. Ebihara Characterization of a Mouse Cx50 Mutation Associated with the No2 Mouse Cataract Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., July 1, 1999; 40(8): 1844 - 1850. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. D. Pal, V. M. Berthoud, E. C. Beyer, D. Mackay, A. Shiels, and L. Ebihara Molecular mechanism underlying a Cx50-linked congenital cataract Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, June 1, 1999; 276(6): C1443 - C1446. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Stergiopoulos, J. L. Alvarado, M. Mastroianni, J. F. Ek-Vitorin, S. M. Taffet, and M. Delmar Hetero-Domain Interactions as a Mechanism for the Regulation of Connexin Channels Circ. Res., May 28, 1999; 84(10): 1144 - 1155. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
X. Gong, G. J. Baldo, N. M. Kumar, N. B. Gilula, and R. T. Mathias Gap junctional coupling in lenses lacking alpha 3 connexin PNAS, December 22, 1998; 95(26): 15303 - 15308. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. W. White, D. A. Goodenough, and D. L. Paul Targeted Ablation of Connexin50 in Mice Results in Microphthalmia and Zonular Pulverulent Cataracts J. Cell Biol., November 2, 1998; 143(3): 815 - 825. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. O'Brien, R. Bruzzone, T. W. White, M. R. Al-Ubaidi, and H. Ripps Cloning and Expression of Two Related Connexins from the Perch Retina Define a Distinct Subgroup of the Connexin Family J. Neurosci., October 1, 1998; 18(19): 7625 - 7637. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Eskandari, E. M. Wright, M. Kreman, D. M. Starace, and G. A. Zampighi Structural analysis of cloned plasma membrane proteins by freeze-fracture electron microscopy PNAS, September 15, 1998; 95(19): 11235 - 11240. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I Dunia, M Recouvreur, P Nicolas, N Kumar, H Bloemendal, and E. Benedetti Assembly of connexins and MP26 in lens fiber plasma membranes studied by SDS-fracture immunolabeling J. Cell Sci., January 8, 1998; 111(15): 2109 - 2120. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F Cao, R Eckert, C Elfgang, J. Nitsche, S. Snyder, D. H-ulser, K Willecke, and B. Nicholson A quantitative analysis of connexin-specific permeability differences of gap junctions expressed in HeLa transfectants and Xenopus oocytes J. Cell Sci., January 1, 1998; 111(1): 31 - 43. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Dahl, D. Manthey, Y. Chen, H.-J. Schwarz, Y. S. Chang, P. A. Lalley, B. J. Nicholson, and K. Willecke Molecular Cloning and Functional Expression of Mouse Connexin-30,a Gap Junction Gene Highly Expressed in Adult Brain and Skin J. Biol. Chem., July 26, 1996; 271(30): 17903 - 17910. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E Dahl, E Winterhager, B Reuss, O Traub, A Butterweck, and K Willecke Expression of the gap junction proteins connexin31 and connexin43 correlates with communication compartments in extraembryonic tissues and in the gastrulating mouse embryo, respectively J. Cell Sci., January 1, 1996; 109(1): 191 - 197. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N Konig and G. Zampighi Purification of bovine lens cell-to-cell channels composed of connexin44 and connexin50 J. Cell Sci., January 9, 1995; 108(9): 3091 - 3098. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A Guerrier, P Fonlupt, I Morand, R Rabilloud, C Audebet, V Krutovskikh, D Gros, B Rousset, and Y Munari-Silem Gap junctions and cell polarity: connexin32 and connexin43 expressed in polarized thyroid epithelial cells assemble into separate gap junctions, which are located in distinct regions of the lateral plasma membrane domain J. Cell Sci., January 7, 1995; 108(7): 2609 - 2617. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Paul, K Yu, R Bruzzone, R. Gimlich, and D. Goodenough Expression of a dominant negative inhibitor of intercellular communication in the early Xenopus embryo causes delamination and extrusion of cells Development, January 2, 1995; 121(2): 371 - 381. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R Bruzzone, T. White, and D. Paul Expression of chimeric connexins reveals new properties of the formation and gating behavior of gap junction channels J. Cell Sci., January 4, 1994; 107(4): 955 - 967. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. Lo and T. Reese Multiple structural types of gap junctions in mouse lens J. Cell Sci., January 9, 1993; 106(1): 227 - 235. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
X. Yin, S. Gu, and J. X. Jiang The Development-associated Cleavage of Lens Connexin 45.6 by Caspase-3-like Protease Is Regulated by Casein Kinase II-mediated Phosphorylation J. Biol. Chem., September 7, 2001; 276(37): 34567 - 34572. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Srinivas, M. G. Hopperstad, and D. C. Spray Quinine blocks specific gap junction channel subtypes PNAS, September 11, 2001; 98(19): 10942 - 10947. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
