![[Feedback]](/icons/banner/feedbackACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[For Subscribers]](/icons/banner/subscriberACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[Archive]](/icons/banner/archiveACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[Search]](/icons/banner/searchACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[Contents]](/icons/banner/tocACT.gif){kind=icon}
|
|
|
|
|
||
M Ziman, D Preuss, J Mulholland, JM O'Brien, D Botstein and DI Johnson
Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont, Burlington 05405.
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cdc42 protein, a member of the Ras superfamily of low-molecular-weight GTP-binding proteins, is involved in the control of cell polarity during the yeast cell cycle. This protein has a consensus sequence (CAAX) for geranylgeranyl modification and is likely to be associated, at least in part, with cell membranes. Using cell fractionation and immunolocalization techniques, we have investigated the subcellular localization of Cdc42p. Cdc42p was found in both soluble and particulate pools, and neither its abundance nor its distribution varied through the cell cycle. The particulate form of Cdc42p could be solubilized with detergents but not with NaCl or urea, suggesting that it is tightly associated with membranes. An increase in soluble Cdc42p was observed in a geranylgeranyltransferase mutant strain (cdc43-2ts) grown at the restrictive temperature. In addition, Cdc42p from a cdc42C188S mutant strain (that has an alteration at the prenylation consensus site) was almost exclusively in the soluble fraction, suggesting that membrane localization is dependent on geranylgeranyl modification at Cys-188. Immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy experiments demonstrated that Cdc42p localizes to the plasma membrane in the vicinity of secretory vesicles that were found at the site of bud emergence, at the tips and sides of enlarging buds, and within mating projections (shmoo tips) in alpha- factor-arrested cells. These results indicate that Cdc42p is localized to the bud site early in the cell cycle and suggest that this localization is critical for the selection of the proper site for bud emergence and for polarized cell growth.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  C. Tiedje, I. Sakwa, U. Just, and T. Hofken The Rho GDI Rdi1 Regulates Rho GTPases by Distinct Mechanisms Mol. Biol. Cell, July 1, 2008; 19(7): 2885 - 2896. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. Harispe, C. Portela, C. Scazzocchio, M. A. Penalva, and L. Gorfinkiel Ras GTPase-Activating Protein Regulation of Actin Cytoskeleton and Hyphal Polarity in Aspergillus nidulans Eukaryot. Cell, January 1, 2008; 7(1): 141 - 153. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. G. Howe, G. D. Fairn, K. MacDonald, V. A. Bankaitis, and C. R. McMaster Regulation of Phosphoinositide Levels by the Phospholipid Transfer Protein Sec14p Controls Cdc42p/p21-Activated Kinase-Mediated Cell Cycle Progression at Cytokinesis Eukaryot. Cell, October 1, 2007; 6(10): 1814 - 1823. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. A. Juanes, E. Queralt, M. C. Bano, and J. C. Igual Rot1 plays an antagonistic role to Clb2 in actin cytoskeleton dynamics throughout the cell cycle J. Cell Sci., July 15, 2007; 120(14): 2390 - 2401. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C.-R. Li, R. T.-H. Lee, Y.-M. Wang, X.-D. Zheng, and Y. Wang Candida albicans hyphal morphogenesis occurs in Sec3p-independent and Sec3p-dependent phases separated by septin ring formation J. Cell Sci., June 1, 2007; 120(11): 1898 - 1907. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H.-O. Park and E. Bi Central Roles of Small GTPases in the Development of Cell Polarity in Yeast and Beyond Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev., March 1, 2007; 71(1): 48 - 96. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. C. Cole, H. W. McLaughlin, and D. I. Johnson Use of Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation To Study In Vivo Interactions between Cdc42p and Rdi1p of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Eukaryot. Cell, March 1, 2007; 6(3): 378 - 387. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Gandhi, B. L. Goode, and C. S. M. Chan Four Novel Suppressors of gic1 gic2 and Their Roles in Cytokinesis and Polarized Cell Growth in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Genetics, October 1, 2006; 174(2): 665 - 678. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Chen, Y.-s. Ha, J.-y. Min, S. D. Memmott, and M. B. Dickman Cdc42 Is Required for Proper Growth and Development in the Fungal Pathogen Colletotrichum trifolii Eukaryot. Cell, January 1, 2006; 5(1): 155 - 166. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. C. Berzat, J. E. Buss, E. J. Chenette, C. A. Weinbaum, A. Shutes, C. J. Der, A. Minden, and A. D. Cox Transforming Activity of the Rho Family GTPase, Wrch-1, a Wnt-regulated Cdc42 Homolog, Is Dependent on a Novel Carboxyl-terminal Palmitoylation Motif J. Biol. Chem., September 23, 2005; 280(38): 33055 - 33065. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. J. Winters and P. M. Pryciak Interaction with the SH3 Domain Protein Bem1 Regulates Signaling by the Saccharomyces cerevisiae p21-Activated Kinase Ste20 Mol. Cell. Biol., March 15, 2005; 25(6): 2177 - 2190. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. E. Irazoqui, A. S. Howell, C. L. Theesfeld, and D. J. Lew Opposing Roles for Actin in Cdc42p Polarization Mol. Biol. Cell, March 1, 2005; 16(3): 1296 - 1304. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Pruyne, L. Gao, E. Bi, and A. Bretscher Stable and Dynamic Axes of Polarity Use Distinct Formin Isoforms in Budding Yeast Mol. Biol. Cell, November 1, 2004; 15(11): 4971 - 4989. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Etienne-Manneville Cdc42 - the centre of polarity J. Cell Sci., March 15, 2004; 117(8): 1291 - 1300. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. G. Kozminski, L. Beven, E. Angerman, A. H. Y. Tong, C. Boone, and H.-O. Park Interaction between a Ras and a Rho GTPase Couples Selection of a Growth Site to the Development of Cell Polarity in Yeast Mol. Biol. Cell, December 1, 2003; 14(12): 4958 - 4970. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. J. Bennett, M. A. Uhl, M. G. Miller, and A. D. Johnson Identification and Characterization of a Candida albicans Mating Pheromone Mol. Cell. Biol., November 15, 2003; 23(22): 8189 - 8201. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. S. Goehring, D. M. Rivers, and G. F. Sprague Jr. Urmylation: A Ubiquitin-like Pathway that Functions during Invasive Growth and Budding in Yeast Mol. Biol. Cell, November 1, 2003; 14(11): 4329 - 4341. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
X. Lin and M. Momany The Aspergillus nidulans swoC1 Mutant Shows Defects in Growth and Development Genetics, October 1, 2003; 165(2): 543 - 554. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Sasagawa, Y. Kino, Y. Takeshita, Y. Oma, and S. Ishiura Overexpression of Human Myotonic Dystrophy Protein Kinase in Schizosaccharomyces pombe Induces an Abnormal Polarized and Swollen Cell Morphology J. Biochem., October 1, 2003; 134(4): 537 - 542. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. P. Caviston, M. Longtine, J. R. Pringle, and E. Bi The Role of Cdc42p GTPase-activating Proteins in Assembly of the Septin Ring in Yeast Mol. Biol. Cell, October 1, 2003; 14(10): 4051 - 4066. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. J. Boyce, M. J. Hynes, and A. Andrianopoulos Control of morphogenesis and actin localization by the Penicillium marneffei RAC homolog J. Cell Sci., April 1, 2003; 116(7): 1249 - 1260. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. S. Goehring, D. A. Mitchell, A. H. Y. Tong, M. E. Keniry, C. Boone, and G. F. Sprague Jr. Synthetic Lethal Analysis Implicates Ste20p, a p21-activated Protein Kinase, in Polarisome Activation Mol. Biol. Cell, April 1, 2003; 14(4): 1501 - 1516. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Hazan and H. Liu Hyphal Tip-Associated Localization of Cdc42 Is F-Actin Dependent in Candida albicans Eukaryot. Cell, December 1, 2002; 1(6): 856 - 864. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Hohmann Osmotic Stress Signaling and Osmoadaptation in Yeasts Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev., June 1, 2002; 66(2): 300 - 372. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. J. Richman, M. M. Sawyer, and D. I. Johnson Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cdc42p Localizes to Cellular Membranes and Clusters at Sites of Polarized Growth Eukaryot. Cell, June 1, 2002; 1(3): 458 - 468. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. A. Elion The Ste5p scaffold J. Cell Sci., March 13, 2002; 114(22): 3967 - 3978. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. E. Adamo, J. J. Moskow, A. S. Gladfelter, D. Viterbo, D. J. Lew, and P. J. Brennwald Yeast Cdc42 functions at a late step in exocytosis, specifically during polarized growth of the emerging bud J. Cell Biol., November 12, 2001; 155(4): 581 - 592. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Ho and A. Bretscher Ras Regulates the Polarity of the Yeast Actin Cytoskeleton through the Stress Response Pathway Mol. Biol. Cell, June 1, 2001; 12(6): 1541 - 1555. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. S. Gladfelter, J. J. Moskow, T. R. Zyla, and D. J. Lew Isolation and Characterization of Effector-Loop Mutants of CDC42 in Yeast Mol. Biol. Cell, May 1, 2001; 12(5): 1239 - 1255. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Davy, H. Campbell, S Fountain, D de Jong, and M. Crouch The flightless I protein colocalizes with actin- and microtubule-based structures in motile Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts: evidence for the involvement of PI 3-kinase and Ras-related small GTPases J. Cell Sci., January 2, 2001; 114(3): 549 - 562. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. J. Richman and D. I. Johnson Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cdc42p GTPase Is Involved in Preventing the Recurrence of Bud Emergence during the Cell Cycle Mol. Cell. Biol., November 15, 2000; 20(22): 8548 - 8559. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W.-L. Lee, M. Bezanilla, and T. D. Pollard Fission Yeast Myosin-I, Myo1p, Stimulates Actin Assembly by Arp2/3 Complex and Shares Functions with WASp J. Cell Biol., November 13, 2000; 151(4): 789 - 800. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C Bachewich and I. Heath Radial F-actin arrays precede new hypha formation in Saprolegnia: implications for establishing polar growth and regulating tip morphogenesis J. Cell Sci., June 8, 2000; 111(14): 2005 - 2016. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. A. R. Hurtado, J.-M. Beckerich, C. Gaillardin, and R. A. Rachubinski A Rac Homolog Is Required for Induction of Hyphal Growth in the Dimorphic Yeast Yarrowia lipolytica J. Bacteriol., May 1, 2000; 182(9): 2376 - 2386. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Kelly, D. Card, E. Register, P. Mazur, T. Kelly, K.-I. Tanaka, J. Onishi, J. M. Williamson, H. Fan, T. Satoh, et al. Geranylgeranyltransferase I of Candida albicans: Null Mutants or Enzyme Inhibitors Produce Unexpected Phenotypes J. Bacteriol., February 1, 2000; 182(3): 704 - 713. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Bi, J. B. Chiavetta, H. Chen, G.-C. Chen, C. S. M. Chan, and J. R. Pringle Identification of Novel, Evolutionarily Conserved Cdc42p-interacting Proteins and of Redundant Pathways Linking Cdc24p and Cdc42p to Actin Polarization in Yeast Mol. Biol. Cell, February 1, 2000; 11(2): 773 - 793. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D Pruyne and A Bretscher Polarization of cell growth in yeast. I. Establishment and maintenance of polarity states J. Cell Sci., January 2, 2000; 113(3): 365 - 375. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D Pruyne and A Bretscher Polarization of cell growth in yeast J. Cell Sci., January 2, 2000; 113(4): 571 - 585. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. G. Kozminski, A. J. Chen, A. A. Rodal, and D. G. Drubin Functions and Functional Domains of the GTPase Cdc42p Mol. Biol. Cell, January 1, 2000; 11(1): 339 - 354. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Drgonova, T. Drgon, D.-H. Roh, and E. Cabib The GTP-binding Protein Rho1p Is Required for Cell Cycle Progression and Polarization of the Yeast Cell J. Cell Biol., July 26, 1999; 146(2): 373 - 388. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. L. Sanders, M. Gentzsch, W. Tanner, and I. Herskowitz O-Glycosylation of Axl2/Bud10p by Pmt4p Is Required for Its Stability, Localization, and Function in Daughter Cells J. Cell Biol., June 14, 1999; 145(6): 1177 - 1188. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. J. Richman, M. M. Sawyer, and D. I. Johnson The Cdc42p GTPase Is Involved in a G2/M Morphogenetic Checkpoint Regulating the Apical-Isotropic Switch and Nuclear Division in Yeast J. Biol. Chem., June 11, 1999; 274(24): 16861 - 16870. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. R. Ayscough, J. J. Eby, T. Lila, H. Dewar, K. G. Kozminski, and D. G. Drubin Sla1p Is a Functionally Modular Component of the Yeast Cortical Actin Cytoskeleton Required for Correct Localization of Both Rho1p-GTPase and Sla2p, a Protein with Talin Homology Mol. Biol. Cell, April 1, 1999; 10(4): 1061 - 1075. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Nern and R. A. Arkowitz A Cdc24p-Far1p-Gbeta gamma Protein Complex Required for Yeast Orientation during Mating J. Cell Biol., March 22, 1999; 144(6): 1187 - 1202. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Lee, S. K. Klee, M. Evangelista, C. Boone, and D. Pellman Control of Mitotic Spindle Position by the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Formin Bni1p J. Cell Biol., March 8, 1999; 144(5): 947 - 961. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. I. Johnson Cdc42: An Essential Rho-Type GTPase Controlling Eukaryotic Cell Polarity Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev., March 1, 1999; 63(1): 54 - 105. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Zeng and M. Cai Regulation of the Actin Cytoskeleton Organization in Yeast by a Novel Serine/Threonine Kinase Prk1p J. Cell Biol., January 11, 1999; 144(1): 71 - 82. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. C. Gustin, J. Albertyn, M. Alexander, and K. Davenport MAP Kinase Pathways in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev., December 1, 1998; 62(4): 1264 - 1300. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Butty, P. M. Pryciak, L. S. Huang, I. Herskowitz, and M. Peter The Role of Far1p in Linking the Heterotrimeric G Protein to Polarity Establishment Proteins During Yeast Mating Science, November 20, 1998; 282(5393): 1511 - 1516. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Elia and L. Marsh A Role for a Protease in Morphogenic Responses during Yeast Cell Fusion J. Cell Biol., September 21, 1998; 142(6): 1473 - 1485. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. M. Pryciak and F. A. Huntress Membrane recruitment of the kinase cascade scaffold protein Ste5 by the Gbeta gamma complex underlies activation of the yeast pheromone response pathway Genes & Dev., September 1, 1998; 12(17): 2684 - 2697. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. P. Finger and P. Novick Spatial Regulation of Exocytosis: Lessons from Yeast J. Cell Biol., August 10, 1998; 142(3): 609 - 612. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Kim and J. P. Hirsch A Nucleolar Protein That Affects Mating Efficiency in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by Altering the Morphological Response to Pheromone Genetics, June 1, 1998; 149(2): 795 - 805. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Lippincott and R. Li Sequential Assembly of Myosin II, an IQGAP-like Protein, and Filamentous Actin to a Ring Structure Involved in Budding Yeast Cytokinesis J. Cell Biol., January 26, 1998; 140(2): 355 - 366. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. R. Davis, T. J. Richman, S. B. Deliduka, J. O. Blaisdell, C. C. Collins, and D. I. Johnson Analysis of the Mechanisms of Action of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Dominant Lethal cdc42G12V and Dominant Negative cdc42D118A Mutations J. Biol. Chem., January 9, 1998; 273(2): 849 - 858. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G.-C. Chen, Y.-J. Kim, and C. S.M. Chan The Cdc42 GTPase-associated proteins Gic1 and Gic2 are required for polarized cell growth in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Genes & Dev., November 15, 1997; 11(22): 2958 - 2971. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. D. Manning, R. Padmanabha, and M. Snyder The Rho-GEF Rom2p Localizes to Sites of Polarized Cell Growth and Participates in Cytoskeletal Functions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mol. Biol. Cell, October 1, 1997; 8(10): 1829 - 1844. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. A. Arkowitz and N. Lowe A Small Conserved Domain in the Yeast Spa2p Is Necessary and Sufficient for Its Polarized Localization J. Cell Biol., July 14, 1997; 138(1): 17 - 36. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H.-O. Park, E. Bi, J. R. Pringle, and I. Herskowitz Two active states of the Ras-related Bud1/Rsr1 protein bind to different effectors to determine yeast cell polarity PNAS, April 29, 1997; 94(9): 4463 - 4468. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. R. Ayscough, J. Stryker, N. Pokala, M. Sanders, P. Crews, and D. G. Drubin High Rates of Actin Filament Turnover in Budding Yeast and Roles for Actin in Establishment and Maintenance of Cell Polarity Revealed Using the Actin Inhibitor Latrunculin-A J. Cell Biol., April 21, 1997; 137(2): 399 - 416. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Evangelista, K. Blundell, M. S. Longtine, C. J. Chow, N. Adames, J. R. Pringle, M. Peter, and C. Boone Bni1p, a Yeast Formin Linking Cdc42p and the Actin Cytoskeleton During Polarized Morphogenesis Science, April 4, 1997; 276(5309): 118 - 122. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Santos and M. Snyder Targeting of Chitin Synthase 3 to Polarized Growth Sites in Yeast Requires Chs5p and Myo2p J. Cell Biol., January 13, 1997; 136(1): 95 - 110. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T Roemer, K Madden, J Chang, and M Snyder Selection of axial growth sites in yeast requires Axl2p, a novel plasma membrane glycoprotein. Genes & Dev., April 1, 1996; 10(7): 777 - 793. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Leeuw, A. Fourest-Lieuvin, C. Wu, J. Chenevert, K. Clark, M. Whiteway, D. Y. Thomas, and E. Leberer Pheromone Response in Yeast: Association of Bem1p with Proteins of the MAP Kinase Cascade and Actin Science, November 17, 1995; 270(5239): 1210 - 1213. |
