![[Feedback]](/icons/banner/feedbackACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[For Subscribers]](/icons/banner/subscriberACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[Archive]](/icons/banner/archiveACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[Search]](/icons/banner/searchACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[Contents]](/icons/banner/tocACT.gif){kind=icon}
|
|
|
|
|
||
JA Anderson, AL Lewellyn and JL Maller
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver 80262, USA.
After the twelfth cell division in Xenopus embryos, zygotic gene transcription is activated, cells become motile, and cell division becomes asynchronous. This developmental change is termed the midblastula transition. High doses of gamma-irradiation (gamma-IR) before the midblastula transition induced apoptotic cell death and increased the levels of cyclin A1 and cyclin A1-Cdk2 activity. The addition of recombinant cyclin A1-Cdk2 induced the formation of apoptotic nuclei in Xenopus egg extracts, suggesting a role for cyclin A1-Cdk2 in apoptosis. Hallmarks of apoptosis, such as internucleosomal DNA fragmentation, pyknotic and uniformly condensed nuclei, and loss of intercellular attachments, were evident in embryos exposed to gamma-IR before the midblastula transition. Apoptotic cells accumulated in the blastocoel, suggesting that before the midblastula transition Xenopus embryos use apoptosis to eliminate cells containing damaged DNA. However, embryos treated with the same dose of gamma-IR after the midblastula transition developed normally and exhibited no signs of apoptosis, no change in cyclin A1 level, and no increase in cyclin A1- Cdk2 activity. These results indicate that there is a change in the response to DNA damage at the midblastula transition in Xenopus embryos.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  A. Peng, A. L. Lewellyn, and J. L. Maller Undamaged DNA Transmits and Enhances DNA Damage Checkpoint Signals in Early Embryos Mol. Cell. Biol., October 1, 2007; 27(19): 6852 - 6862. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Q. Liu and J. V. Ruderman Aurora A, mitotic entry, and spindle bipolarity PNAS, April 11, 2006; 103(15): 5811 - 5816. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. L. Bladen, W. K. Lam, W. S. Dynan, and D. J. Kozlowski DNA damage response and Ku80 function in the vertebrate embryo Nucleic Acids Res., May 24, 2005; 33(9): 3002 - 3010. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W. F. Leise III and P. R. Mueller Inhibition of the cell cycle is required for convergent extension of the paraxial mesoderm during Xenopus neurulation Development, April 15, 2004; 131(8): 1703 - 1715. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. V. Finkielstein, L. G. Chen, and J. L. Maller A Role for G1/S Cyclin-dependent Protein Kinases in the Apoptotic Response to Ionizing Radiation J. Biol. Chem., October 4, 2002; 277(41): 38476 - 38485. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Miyanaga, I. Torregroza, and T. Evans A Maternal Smad Protein Regulates Early Embryonic Apoptosis in Xenopus laevis Mol. Cell. Biol., March 1, 2002; 22(5): 1317 - 1328. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Adachi, A. J. Obaya, Z. Han, N. Ramos-Desimone, J. H. Wyche, and J. M. Sedivy c-Myc Is Necessary for DNA Damage-Induced Apoptosis in the G2 Phase of the Cell Cycle Mol. Cell. Biol., August 1, 2001; 21(15): 4929 - 4937. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. V. Finkielstein, A. L. Lewellyn, and J. L. Maller The midblastula transition in Xenopus embryos activates multiple pathways to prevent apoptosis in response to DNA damage PNAS, January 30, 2001; 98(3): 1006 - 1011. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Muller, R. Yang, D. J. Park, H. Serve, W. E. Berdel, and H. P. Koeffler The aberrant fusion proteins PML-RARalpha and PLZF-RARalpha contribute to the overexpression of cyclin A1 in acute promyelocytic leukemia Blood, December 1, 2000; 96(12): 3894 - 3899. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. C. Kappas, P. Savage, K. C. Chen, A. T. Walls, and J. C. Sible Dissection of the XChk1 Signaling Pathway in Xenopus laevis Embryos Mol. Biol. Cell, September 1, 2000; 11(9): 3101 - 3108. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
O Cleaver, D. Seufert, and P. Krieg Endoderm patterning by the notochord: development of the hypochord in Xenopus Development, January 2, 2000; 127(4): 869 - 879. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. T. Roberts, C. Y. Ying, J. Gautier, and J. L. Maller DNA replication in vertebrates requires a homolog of the Cdc7 protein kinase PNAS, March 16, 1999; 96(6): 2800 - 2804. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G.K.T. Chan, B.T. Schaar, and T.J. Yen Characterization of the Kinetochore Binding Domain of CENP-E Reveals Interactions with the Kinetochore Proteins CENP-F and hBUBR1 J. Cell Biol., October 5, 1998; 143(1): 49 - 63. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B.-B. Zhou, H. Li, J. Yuan, and M. W. Kirschner Caspase-dependent activation of cyclin-dependent kinases during Fas-induced apoptosis in Jurkat cells PNAS, June 9, 1998; 95(12): 6785 - 6790. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. P. Blaydes, M. G. Luciani, S. Pospisilova, H. M.-L. Ball, B. Vojtesek, and T. R. Hupp Stoichiometric Phosphorylation of Human p53 at Ser315 Stimulates p53-dependent Transcription J. Biol. Chem., February 9, 2001; 276(7): 4699 - 4708. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Z. Xia, J. C. Morales, W. G. Dunphy, and P. B. Carpenter Negative Cell Cycle Regulation and DNA Damage-inducible Phosphorylation of the BRCT Protein 53BP1 J. Biol. Chem., January 19, 2001; 276(4): 2708 - 2718. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. P. Bagowski, W. Xiong, and J. E. Ferrell Jr. c-Jun N-terminal Kinase Activation in Xenopus laevis Eggs and Embryos. A POSSIBLE NON-GENOMIC ROLE FOR THE JNK SIGNALING PATHWAY J. Biol. Chem., January 5, 2001; 276(2): 1459 - 1465. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
