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Department of Pathology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill,
North Carolina 27599-7525
In neutrophils activated to secrete with
formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine, intermediate filaments are
phosphorylated transiently by cyclic guanosine monophosphate
(cGMP)-dependent protein kinase (G-kinase). cGMP regulation of vimentin
organization was investigated. During granule secretion, cGMP levels
were elevated and intermediate filaments were transiently assembled at
the pericortex to areas devoid of granules and microfilaments.
Microtubule and microfilament inhibitors affected intermediate filament
organization, granule secretion, and cGMP levels. Cytochalasin D and
nocodazole caused intermediate filaments to assemble at the nucleus,
rather than at the pericortex. cGMP levels were elevated in neutrophils by both inhibitors; however, with cytochalasin D, cGMP was elevated earlier and granule secretion was excessive. Nocodazole did not affect
normal cGMP elevations, but specific granule secretion was delayed.
LY83583, a guanylyl cyclase antagonist, inhibited granule secretion and
intermediate filament organization, but not microtubule or
microfilament organization. Intermediate filament assembly at the
pericortex and secretion were partially restored by 8-bromo-cGMP in
LY83583-treated neutrophils, suggesting that cGMP regulates these
functions. G-kinase directly induced intermediate filament assembly in
situ, and protein phosphatase 1 disassembled filaments. However, in
intact cells stimulated with formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine, intermediate filament assembly is focal and transient, suggesting that
vimentin phosphorylation is compartmentalized. We propose that, in
addition to changes in microfilament and microtubule organization,
granule secretion is also accompanied by changes in intermediate
filament organization, and that cGMP regulates vimentin filament
organization via activation of G-kinase.
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