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Vol. 9, Issue 12, 3399-3415, December 1998

The cdr2⁺ Gene Encodes a Regulator of G₂/M Progression and Cytokinesis in Schizosaccharomyces pombe

Connie S. Breeding,^* James Hudson,^§ Mohan K. Balasubramanian,^¶ Sean M. Hemmingsen, Paul G. Young, and Kathleen L. Gould^*#

 ^#Howard Hughes Medical Institute,  ^*Department of Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, 37212;  Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada;  Plant Biotechnology Institute, National Research Council of Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 0W9, Canada

Schizosaccharomyces pombe cells respond to nutrient deprivation by altering G₂/M cell size control. The G₂/M transition is controlled by activation of the cyclin-dependent kinase Cdc2p. Cdc2p activation is regulated both positively and negatively. cdr2⁺ was identified in a screen for regulators of mitotic control during nutrient deprivation. We have cloned cdr2⁺ and have found that it encodes a putative serine-threonine protein kinase that is related to Saccharomyces cerevisiae Gin4p and S. pombe Cdr1p/Nim1p. cdr2⁺ is not essential for viability, but cells lacking cdr2⁺ are elongated relative to wild-type cells, spending a longer period of time in G₂. Because of this property, upon nitrogen deprivation cdr2⁺ mutants do not arrest in G₁, but rather undergo another round of S phase and arrest in G₂ from which they are able to enter a state of quiescence. Genetic evidence suggests that cdr2⁺ acts as a mitotic inducer, functioning through wee1⁺, and is also important for the completion of cytokinesis at 36°C. Defects in cytokinesis are also generated by the overproduction of Cdr2p, but these defects are independent of wee1⁺, suggesting that cdr2⁺ encodes a second activity involved in cytokinesis.

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   Present addresses: ^§Institute of Child Health, University of London, 30 Guilford St., WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom; ^¶Cell Division Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Agrobiology, The National University of Singapore, 1 Research Link, Singapore 117604.
   Corresponding author.

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Molecular Biology of the Cell
Vol. 9, 3399-3415, December 1998
Copyright © 1998 by The American Society for Cell Biology

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