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Vol. 9, Issue 2, 301-309, February 1998
Friedrich Miescher-Institut, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
C2-
-Mannosyltryptophan was discovered in human RNase
2, an enzyme that occurs in eosinophils and is involved in host
defense. It represents a novel way of attaching carbohydrate to a
protein in addition to the well-known N- and
O-glycosylations. The reaction is specific, as in RNase
2 Trp-7, but never Trp-10, which is modified. In this article, we
address which structural features provide the specificity of the
reaction. Expression of chimeras of RNase 2 and nonglycosylated RNase 4 and deletion mutants in HEK293 cells identified residues 1-13 to be
sufficient for C-mannosylation. Site-directed mutagenesis revealed the
sequence Trp-x-x-Trp, in which the first Trp becomes mannosylated, as
the specificity determinant. The Trp residue at position +3 can be
replaced by Phe, which reduces the efficiency of the reaction
threefold. Interpretation of the data in the context of the
three-dimensional structure of RNase 2 strongly suggests that the
primary, rather than the tertiary, structure forms the determinant. The
sequence motif occurs in 336 mammalian proteins currently present in
protein databases. Two of these proteins were analyzed protein
chemically, which showed partial C-glycosylation of recombinant human
interleukin 12. The frequent occurrence of the protein recognition
motif suggests that C-glycosides could be part of the structure of more
proteins than assumed so far.
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