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Vol. 9, Issue 3, 653-670, March 1998



§
*Department of Biology, Division of Cellular and Molecular
Medicine, and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of
California, San Diego La Jolla, California 92093-0668; and
ADP ribosylation factor (ARF) is thought to play a critical role in
recruiting coatomer (COPI) to Golgi membranes to drive transport
vesicle budding. Yeast strains harboring mutant COPI proteins exhibit
defects in retrograde Golgi to endoplasmic reticulum protein transport
and striking cargo-selective defects in anterograde endoplasmic
reticulum to Golgi protein transport. To determine whether
arf mutants exhibit similar phenotypes, the anterograde transport kinetics of multiple cargo proteins were examined in arf mutant cells, and, surprisingly, both COPI-dependent
and COPI-independent cargo proteins exhibited comparable defects.
Retrograde dilysine-mediated transport also appeared to be inefficient
in the arf mutants, and coatomer mutants with no
detectable anterograde transport defect exhibited a synthetic growth
defect when combined with arf1
Department of Molecular Biology, Vanderbilt University,
Nashville, Tennessee 37235
, supporting a role for
ARF in retrograde transport. Remarkably, we found that early and medial
Golgi glycosyltransferases localized to abnormally large ring-shaped
structures. The endocytic marker FM4-64 also stained similar, but
generally larger ring-shaped structures en route from the plasma
membrane to the vacuole in arf mutants. Brefeldin A
similarly perturbed endosome morphology and also inhibited transport of
FM4-64 from endosomal structures to the vacuole. Electron microscopy
of arf mutant cells revealed the presence of what appear
to be hollow spheres of interconnected membrane tubules which likely
correspond to the fluorescent ring structures. Together, these
observations indicate that organelle morphology is significantly more
affected than transport in the arf mutants, suggesting a
fundamental role for ARF in regulating membrane dynamics. Possible
mechanisms for producing this dramatic morphological change in
intracellular organelles and its relation to the function of ARF in
coat assembly are discussed.
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