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Vol. 9, Issue 5, 1025-1036, May 1998
E.C. Slater Instituut, University of Amsterdam, BioCentrum
Amsterdam, 1018 TV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
A significant percentage of the gene clusters that contain the
human genes for U1 small nuclear RNA (snRNA) or for U2 snRNA have been
found associated with small nuclear domains, known as coiled bodies. We
show here, by immunofluorescent labeling of human cells, that coiled
bodies are enriched in factors required for the transcription of these
snRNA genes. The 45-kDa 
-subunit of the transcription factor,
proximal element sequence-binding transcription factor (PTF), which is
specific for the snRNA genes, was found in high concentrations in
coiled bodies, along with the general transcription factor TATA-box
binding protein and a subset of RNA polymerase II. We show that the
transcription factors and RNA polymerase II are concentrated in
irregularly shaped domains that not only overlap with coiled bodies but
also extend to their immediate surroundings. Fluorescent in situ
hybridization showed that these domains can overlap with U2 snRNA genes
adjacent to coiled bodies. In addition, we found the domains to contain newly synthesized RNA, visualized by 5-bromo-uridine triphosphate labeling. Our data suggest that coiled bodies are involved in the
expression of snRNA genes, which leads us to propose the model that
coiled bodies are associated with snRNA genes to facilitate and
regulate their transcription. These findings point to a general principle of higher order organization of gene expression in the nucleus.
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