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Vol. 9, Issue 6, 1437-1448, June 1998

A Novel Tetanus Neurotoxin-insensitive Vesicle-associated Membrane Protein in SNARE Complexes of the Apical Plasma Membrane of Epithelial Cells

Thierry Galli,*dagger Ahmed Zahraoui,* Vadakkanchery V. Vaidyanathan,Dagger Graça Raposo,* Jian Min Tian,§ Michael Karin,§ Heiner Niemann,Dagger and Daniel Louvard*

 *Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 144 "Compartimentation et Dynamique Cellulaires," Institut Curie, F-75248 Paris Cedex 05, France;  Dagger Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Department of Biochemistry, D-30623 Hannover, Germany; and  §Department of Pharmacology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0636

The importance of soluble N-ethyl maleimide (NEM)-sensitive fusion protein (NSF) attachment protein (SNAP) receptors (SNAREs) in synaptic vesicle exocytosis is well established because it has been demonstrated that clostridial neurotoxins (NTs) proteolyze the vesicle SNAREs (v-SNAREs) vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP)/brevins and their partners, the target SNAREs (t-SNAREs) syntaxin 1 and SNAP25. Yet, several exocytotic events, including apical exocytosis in epithelial cells, are insensitive to numerous clostridial NTs, suggesting the presence of SNARE-independent mechanisms of exocytosis. In this study we found that syntaxin 3, SNAP23, and a newly identified VAMP/brevin, tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT)-insensitive VAMP (TI-VAMP), are insensitive to clostridial NTs. In epithelial cells, TI-VAMP-containing vesicles were concentrated in the apical domain, and the protein was detected at the apical plasma membrane by immunogold labeling on ultrathin cryosections. Syntaxin 3 and SNAP23 were codistributed at the apical plasma membrane where they formed NEM-dependent SNARE complexes with TI-VAMP and cellubrevin. We suggest that TI-VAMP, SNAP23, and syntaxin 3 can participate in exocytotic processes at the apical plasma membrane of epithelial cells and, more generally, domain-specific exocytosis in clostridial NT-resistant pathways.


Molecular Biology of the Cell
Vol. 9, 1437-1448, June 1998
Copyright © 1998 by The American Society for Cell Biology



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N. Wade, N. J. Bryant, L. M. Connolly, R. J. Simpson, J. P. Luzio, R. C. Piper, and D. E. James
Syntaxin 7 Complexes with Mouse Vps10p Tail Interactor 1b, Syntaxin 6, Vesicle-associated Membrane Protein (VAMP)8, and VAMP7 in B16 Melanoma Cells
J. Biol. Chem., June 1, 2001; 276(23): 19820 - 19827.
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F. Mallard, B. L. Tang, T. Galli, D. Tenza, A. Saint-Pol, X. Yue, C. Antony, W. Hong, B. Goud, and L. Johannes
Early/recycling endosomes-to-TGN transport involves two SNARE complexes and a Rab6 isoform
J. Cell Biol., February 18, 2002; 156(4): 653 - 664.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]




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