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Vol. 9, Issue 7, 1847-1861, July 1998
Section of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of
California, Davis, Davis, California 95616
Microtubules are dynamic structures whose proper rearrangement
during the cell cycle is essential for the positioning of membranes during interphase and for chromosome segregation during mitosis. The previous discovery of a cyclin B/cdc2-activated
microtubule-severing activity in M-phase Xenopus egg
extracts suggested that a microtubule-severing protein might play an
important role in cell cycle-dependent changes in microtubule dynamics
and organization. However, the isolation of three different
microtubule-severing proteins, p56, EF1
, and katanin, has only
confused the issue because none of these proteins is directly activated
by cyclin B/cdc2. Here we use immunodepletion with antibodies specific
for a vertebrate katanin homologue to demonstrate that katanin is
responsible for the majority of M-phase severing activity in
Xenopus eggs. This result suggests that katanin is
responsible for changes in microtubules occurring at mitosis. Immunofluorescence analysis demonstrated that katanin is concentrated at a microtubule-dependent structure at mitotic spindle poles in
Xenopus A6 cells and in human fibroblasts, suggesting a
specific role in microtubule disassembly at spindle poles.
Surprisingly, katanin was also found in adult mouse brain, indicating
that katanin may have other functions distinct from its mitotic role.
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