![[Feedback]](/icons/banner/feedbackACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[For Subscribers]](/icons/banner/subscriberACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[Archive]](/icons/banner/archiveACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[Search]](/icons/banner/searchACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[Contents]](/icons/banner/tocACT.gif){kind=icon}
|
|
|
|
|
||
and
*Department of Physiology and
Androgen receptor (AR) belongs to the nuclear receptor superfamily
and mediates the biological actions of male sex steroids. In this work,
we have characterized a novel 130-kDa Ser/Thr protein kinase ANPK that
interacts with the zinc finger region of AR in vivo and in vitro. The
catalytic kinase domain of ANPK shares considerable sequence similarity
with the minibrain gene product, a protein kinase
suggested to contribute to learning defects associated with Down
syndrome. However, the rest of ANPK sequence, including the
AR-interacting interface, exhibits no apparent homology with other
proteins. ANPK is a nuclear protein that is widely expressed in
mammalian tissues. Its overexpression enhances AR-dependent transcription in various cell lines. In addition to the zinc finger region, ligand-binding domain and activation function AF1 of AR are
needed, as the activity of AR mutants devoid of these domains was not
influenced by ANPK. The receptor protein does not appear to be a
substrate for ANPK in vitro, and overexpression of ANPK does not
increase the extent of AR phosphorylation in vivo. In view of this, it
is likely that ANPK-mediated activation of AR function is exerted
through modification of AR-associated proteins, such as coregulatory
factors, and/or through stabilization of the receptor protein against
degradation.
Department of Clinical
Chemistry, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014
Helsinki, Finland
Corresponding author. E-mail address:
jorma.palvimo{at}helsinki.fi.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  D. W. Choi, Y.-M. Seo, E.-A Kim, K. S. Sung, J. W. Ahn, S.-J. Park, S.-R. Lee, and C. Y. Choi Ubiquitination and Degradation of Homeodomain-interacting Protein Kinase 2 by WD40 Repeat/SOCS Box Protein WSB-1 J. Biol. Chem., February 22, 2008; 283(8): 4682 - 4689. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. V. Heemers and D. J. Tindall Androgen Receptor (AR) Coregulators: A Diversity of Functions Converging on and Regulating the AR Transcriptional Complex Endocr. Rev., December 1, 2007; 28(7): 778 - 808. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Zong, Y. Chi, Y. Wang, Y. Yang, L. Zhang, H. Chen, J. Jiang, Z. Li, Y. Hong, H. Wang, et al. Cyclin D3/CDK11p58 Complex Is Involved in the Repression of Androgen Receptor Mol. Cell. Biol., October 15, 2007; 27(20): 7125 - 7142. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H.-C. Lan, H.-J. Li, G. Lin, P.-Y. Lai, and B.-c. Chung Cyclic AMP Stimulates SF-1-Dependent CYP11A1 Expression through Homeodomain-Interacting Protein Kinase 3-Mediated Jun N-Terminal Kinase and c-Jun Phosphorylation Mol. Cell. Biol., March 15, 2007; 27(6): 2027 - 2036. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A.-H. Ma, L. Xia, S. J. Desai, D. L. Boucher, Y. Guan, H.-M. Shih, X.-B. Shi, R. W. deVere White, H.-W. Chen, C. G. Tepper, et al. Male Germ Cell-Associated Kinase, a Male-Specific Kinase Regulated by Androgen, Is a Coactivator of Androgen Receptor in Prostate Cancer Cells. Cancer Res., September 1, 2006; 66(17): 8439 - 8447. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Isono, K. Nemoto, Y. Li, Y. Takada, R. Suzuki, M. Katsuki, A. Nakagawara, and H. Koseki Overlapping roles for homeodomain-interacting protein kinases hipk1 and hipk2 in the mediation of cell growth in response to morphogenetic and genotoxic signals. Mol. Cell. Biol., April 1, 2006; 26(7): 2758 - 2771. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. P. Venables, C. F. Bourgeois, C. Dalgliesh, L. Kister, J. Stevenin, and D. J. Elliott Up-regulation of the ubiquitous alternative splicing factor Tra2{beta} causes inclusion of a germ cell-specific exon Hum. Mol. Genet., August 15, 2005; 14(16): 2289 - 2303. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Verras, J. Brown, X. Li, R. Nusse, and Z. Sun Wnt3a Growth Factor Induces Androgen Receptor-Mediated Transcription and Enhances Cell Growth in Human Prostate Cancer Cells Cancer Res., December 15, 2004; 64(24): 8860 - 8866. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. S. Taneja, S. Ha, N. K. Swenson, I. P. Torra, S. Rome, P. D. Walden, H. Y. Huang, E. Shapiro, M. J. Garabedian, and S. K. Logan ART-27, an Androgen Receptor Coactivator Regulated in Prostate Development and Cancer J. Biol. Chem., April 2, 2004; 279(14): 13944 - 13952. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Gao, J. Zhang, M. A. Rao, T. C. Case, J. Mirosevich, Y. Wang, R. Jin, A. Gupta, P. S. Rennie, and R. J. Matusik The Role of Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor-3{alpha} (Forkhead Box A1) and Androgen Receptor in Transcriptional Regulation of Prostatic Genes Mol. Endocrinol., August 1, 2003; 17(8): 1484 - 1507. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. A. Ecsedy, J. S. Michaelson, and P. Leder Homeodomain-Interacting Protein Kinase 1 Modulates Daxx Localization, Phosphorylation, and Transcriptional Activity Mol. Cell. Biol., February 1, 2003; 23(3): 950 - 960. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. S. Lee, H.-J. Kim, H. J. Lee, J. W. Lee, S.-Y. Chun, S.-K. Ko, and K. Lee Activating Signal Cointegrator 1 Is Highly Expressed in Murine Testicular Leydig Cells and Enhances the Ligand-Dependent Transactivation of Androgen Receptor Biol Reprod, November 1, 2002; 67(5): 1580 - 1587. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Z. Weihua, R. Lathe, M. Warner, and J.-A. Gustafsson An endocrine pathway in the prostate, ERbeta , AR, 5alpha -androstane-3beta ,17beta -diol, and CYP7B1, regulates prostate growth PNAS, October 15, 2002; 99(21): 13589 - 13594. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Mao, P. Maye, P. Kogerman, F. J. Tejedor, R. Toftgard, W. Xie, G. Wu, and D. Wu Regulation of Gli1 Transcriptional Activity in the Nucleus by Dyrk1 J. Biol. Chem., September 13, 2002; 277(38): 35156 - 35161. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Raivio, J. J. Palvimo, S. Kannisto, R. Voutilainen, and O. A. Janne Transactivation Assay for Determination of Glucocorticoid Bioactivity in Human Serum J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., August 1, 2002; 87(8): 3740 - 3744. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Kotaja, U. Karvonen, O. A. Janne, and J. J. Palvimo PIAS Proteins Modulate Transcription Factors by Functioning as SUMO-1 Ligases Mol. Cell. Biol., July 15, 2002; 22(14): 5222 - 5234. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Rouleau, A. Domans'kyi, M. Reeben, A.-M. Moilanen, K. Havas, Z. Kang, T. Owen-Hughes, J. J. Palvimo, and O. A. Janne Novel ATPase of SNF2-like Protein Family Interacts with Androgen Receptor and Modulates Androgen-dependent Transcription Mol. Biol. Cell, June 1, 2002; 13(6): 2106 - 2119. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M.-C. Chen-Hwang, H.-R. Chen, M. Elzinga, and Y.-W. Hwang Dynamin Is a Minibrain Kinase/Dual Specificity Yak1-related Kinase 1A Substrate J. Biol. Chem., May 10, 2002; 277(20): 17597 - 17604. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J.-A. Tan, S. H. Hall, K. G. Hamil, G. Grossman, P. Petrusz, and F. S. French Protein Inhibitors of Activated STAT Resemble Scaffold Attachment Factors and Function as Interacting Nuclear Receptor Coregulators J. Biol. Chem., May 3, 2002; 277(19): 16993 - 17001. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. A. Heinlein and C. Chang Androgen Receptor (AR) Coregulators: An Overview Endocr. Rev., April 1, 2002; 23(2): 175 - 200. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. He, J. T. Minges, L. W. Lee, and E. M. Wilson The FXXLF Motif Mediates Androgen Receptor-specific Interactions with Coregulators J. Biol. Chem., March 15, 2002; 277(12): 10226 - 10235. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Z.-x. Zhou, B. He, S. H. Hall, E. M. Wilson, and F. S. French Domain Interactions between Coregulator ARA70 and the Androgen Receptor (AR) Mol. Endocrinol., February 1, 2002; 16(2): 287 - 300. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. R. Lee, S. M. Ramos, A. Ko, D. Masiello, K. D. Swanson, M. L. Lu, and S. P. Balk AR and ER Interaction with a p21-Activated Kinase (PAK6) Mol. Endocrinol., January 1, 2002; 16(1): 85 - 99. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. L. Sunn, T.-A. Cock, L. A. Crofts, J. A. Eisman, and E. M. Gardiner Novel N-Terminal Variant of Human VDR Mol. Endocrinol., September 1, 2001; 15(9): 1599 - 1609. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Kotaja, S. Aittomäki, O. Silvennoinen, J. J. Palvimo, and O. A. Jänne ARIP3 (Androgen Receptor-Interacting Protein 3) and Other PIAS (Protein Inhibitor of Activated STAT) Proteins Differ in Their Ability to Modulate Steroid Receptor-Dependent Transcriptional Activation Mol. Endocrinol., December 1, 2000; 14(12): 1986 - 2000. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 V. Rochat-Steiner, K. Becker, O. Micheau, P. Schneider, K. Burns, and J. Tschopp FIST/HIPK3: a Fas/FADD-interacting Serine/Threonine Kinase that Induces FADD Phosphorylation and Inhibits Fas-mediated Jun NH2-terminal Kinase Activation J. Exp. Med., October 16, 2000; 192(8): 1165 - 1174. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J.-a. Tan, S. H. Hall, P. Petrusz, and F. S. French Thyroid Receptor Activator Molecule, TRAM-1, Is an Androgen Receptor Coactivator Endocrinology, September 1, 2000; 141(9): 3440 - 3450. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Trost, G. Kochs, and O. Haller Characterization of a Novel Serine/Threonine Kinase Associated with Nuclear Bodies J. Biol. Chem., March 15, 2000; 275(10): 7373 - 7377. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Himpel, W. Tegge, R. Frank, S. Leder, H.-G. Joost, and W. Becker Specificity Determinants of Substrate Recognition by the Protein Kinase DYRK1A J. Biol. Chem., January 28, 2000; 275(4): 2431 - 2438. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H Poukka, U Karvonen, N Yoshikawa, H Tanaka, J. Palvimo, and O. Janne The RING finger protein SNURF modulates nuclear trafficking of the androgen receptor J. Cell Sci., January 9, 2000; 113(17): 2991 - 3001. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Poukka, P. Aarnisalo, H. Santti, O. A. Janne, and J. J. Palvimo Coregulator Small Nuclear RING Finger Protein (SNURF) Enhances Sp1- and Steroid Receptor-mediated Transcription by Different Mechanisms J. Biol. Chem., January 7, 2000; 275(1): 571 - 579. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J.-a. Tan, S. H. Hall, K. G. Hamil, G. Grossman, P. Petrusz, J. Liao, K. Shuai, and F. S. French Protein Inhibitor of Activated STAT-1 (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription-1) Is a Nuclear Receptor Coregulator Expressed in Human Testis Mol. Endocrinol., January 1, 2000; 14(1): 14 - 26. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. H. Kim, C. Y. Choi, and Y. Kim Covalent modification of the homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 2 (HIPK2) by the ubiquitin-like protein SUMO-1 PNAS, October 26, 1999; 96(22): 12350 - 12355. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Poukka, P. Aarnisalo, U. Karvonen, J. J. Palvimo, and O. A. Janne Ubc9 Interacts with the Androgen Receptor and Activates Receptor-dependent Transcription J. Biol. Chem., July 2, 1999; 274(27): 19441 - 19446. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Aarnisalo, H. Santti, H. Poukka, J. J. Palvimo, and O. A. Jänne Transcription Activating and Repressing Functions of the Androgen Receptor Are Differentially Influenced by Mutations in the Deoxyribonucleic Acid-Binding Domain Endocrinology, July 1, 1999; 140(7): 3097 - 3105. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. J. McKenna, R. B. Lanz, and B. W. O’Malley Nuclear Receptor Coregulators: Cellular and Molecular Biology Endocr. Rev., June 1, 1999; 20(3): 321 - 344. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A.-M. Moilanen, U. Karvonen, H. Poukka, W. Yan, J. Toppari, O. A. Janne, and J. J. Palvimo A Testis-specific Androgen Receptor Coregulator That Belongs to a Novel Family of Nuclear Proteins J. Biol. Chem., February 5, 1999; 274(6): 3700 - 3704. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. F. Su, R. Knoblauch, and M. J. Garabedian Rho GTPases as Modulators of the Estrogen Receptor Transcriptional Response J. Biol. Chem., January 26, 2001; 276(5): 3231 - 3237. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Yang, X. Li, M. Sharma, M. Zarnegar, B. Lim, and Z. Sun Androgen Receptor Specifically Interacts with a Novel p21-activated Kinase, PAK6 J. Biol. Chem., April 27, 2001; 276(18): 15345 - 15353. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Missero, M. T. Pirro, S. Simeone, M. Pischetola, and R. Di Lauro The DNA Glycosylase T:G Mismatch-specific Thymine DNA Glycosylase Represses Thyroid Transcription Factor-1-activated Transcription J. Biol. Chem., August 31, 2001; 276(36): 33569 - 33575. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
