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A more recent version of this article appeared on December 1, 2002
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Submitted on February 25, 2002
Revised on June 21, 2002
Accepted on August 23, 2002
1 Regenerative Bioengineering and Repair Laboratory, UCLA School of Medicine, Departments of Surgery and Orthopedics, Los Angeles, CA 90095
2 Regenerative Bioengineering and Repair Laboratory, UCLA School of Medicine, Departments of Surgery and Orthopedics, Los Angeles, CA 90095
* Corresponding author. E-mail address: zukpat{at}yahoo.com.
Much of the work conducted on adult stem cells has focused on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) found within the bone marrow stroma. Adipose tissue, like bone marrow, is derived from the embryonic mesenchyme and contains a stroma that is easily isolated. Preliminary studies have recently identified a putative stem cell population within the adipose stromal compartment. This cell population, termed Processed Lipoaspirate (PLA) cells, can be isolated from human lipoaspirates and, like MSCs, differentiate toward the osteogenic, adipogenic, myogenic and chondrogenic lineages. To confirm if adipose tissue contains stem cells, the PLA population and multiple clonal isolates were analyzed using several molecular and biochemical approaches. PLA cells expressed multiple CD marker antigens similar to those observed on MSCs. Mesodermal lineage induction of PLA cells and clones resulted in the expression of multiple lineage-specific genes and proteins. Furthermore, biochemical analysis also confirmed lineage-specific activity. In addition to mesodermal capacity, PLA cells and clones differentiated into putative neurogenic cells, exhibiting a neuronal-like morphology and expressing several proteins consistent with the neuronal phenotype. Finally, PLA cells exhibited unique characteristics distinct from those seen in MSCs, including differences in CD marker profile and gene expression.
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S. K. Kang, L. A. Putnam, J. Ylostalo, I. R. Popescu, J. Dufour, A. Belousov, and B. A. Bunnell Neurogenesis of Rhesus adipose stromal cells J. Cell Sci., August 15, 2004; 117(18): 4289 - 4299. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 A. Miranville, C. Heeschen, C. Sengenes, C.A. Curat, R. Busse, and A. Bouloumie Improvement of Postnatal Neovascularization by Human Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells Circulation, July 20, 2004; 110(3): 349 - 355. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. F. Pittenger and B. J. Martin Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Potential as Cardiac Therapeutics Circ. Res., July 9, 2004; 95(1): 9 - 20. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 J. Honold, B. Assmus, R. Lehman, A. M. Zeiher, and S. Dimmeler Stem cell therapy of cardiac disease: an update Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., July 1, 2004; 19(7): 1673 - 1677. [Full Text] [PDF]
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 J. C. Davila, G. G. Cezar, M. Thiede, S. Strom, T. Miki, and J. Trosko Use and Application of Stem Cells in Toxicology Toxicol. Sci., June 1, 2004; 79(2): 214 - 223. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. Rehman, D. Traktuev, J. Li, S. Merfeld-Clauss, C. J. Temm-Grove, J. E. Bovenkerk, C. L. Pell, B. H. Johnstone, R. V. Considine, and K. L. March Secretion of Angiogenic and Antiapoptotic Factors by Human Adipose Stromal Cells Circulation, March 16, 2004; 109(10): 1292 - 1298. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 J. Novakofski Adipogenesis: Usefulness of in vitro and in vivo experimental models J Anim Sci, March 1, 2004; 82(3): 905 - 915. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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O. K. Lee, T. K. Kuo, W.-M. Chen, K.-D. Lee, S.-L. Hsieh, and T.-H. Chen Isolation of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells from umbilical cord blood Blood, March 1, 2004; 103(5): 1669 - 1675. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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V. Planat-Benard, J.-S. Silvestre, B. Cousin, M. Andre, M. Nibbelink, R. Tamarat, M. Clergue, C. Manneville, C. Saillan-Barreau, M. Duriez, et al. Plasticity of Human Adipose Lineage Cells Toward Endothelial Cells: Physiological and Therapeutic Perspectives Circulation, February 10, 2004; 109(5): 656 - 663. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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V. Planat-Benard, C. Menard, M. Andre, M. Puceat, A. Perez, J.-M. Garcia-Verdugo, L. Penicaud, and L. Casteilla Spontaneous Cardiomyocyte Differentiation From Adipose Tissue Stroma Cells Circ. Res., February 6, 2004; 94(2): 223 - 229. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. Nakamura and M. D. Schneider The Way to a Human's Heart Is Through the Stomach: Visceral Endoderm-Like Cells Drive Human Embryonic Stem Cells to a Cardiac Fate Circulation, June 3, 2003; 107(21): 2638 - 2639. [Full Text] [PDF]
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