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A more recent version of this article appeared on March 1, 2003
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Submitted on June 28, 2002
Revised on October 31, 2002
Accepted on November 6, 2002
1 Department of Medicine, Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Hospital, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
2 Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL 60611
3 Department of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Hospital, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
4 College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204
5 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
* Corresponding author. E-mail address: aleber{at}mbox.ki.se.
Dopamine (DA) increases Na+,K+-ATPase activity in lung alveolar epithelial cells. This effect is associated with an increase in Na+,K+-ATPase molecules within the plasma membrane (Ridge et al., 2002). Analysis of Na+,K+-ATPase motion was performed in real-time in alveolar cells stably expressing Na+,K+-ATPase molecules carrying a fluorescent tag (green fluorescent protein) in the 
-subunit. The data demonstrate a distinct (random walk) pattern of basal movement of Na+,K+-ATPase-containing vesicles in non-treated cells. DA increased the directional movement (by 3.5 fold) of the vesicles and an increase in their velocity (by 25%) that consequently promoted the incorporation of vesicles into the plasma membrane. The movement of Na+,K+-ATPase-containing vesicles and incorporation into the plasma membrane was microtubule dependent, and disruption of this network perturbed vesicle motion towards the plasma membrane and prevented the increase in the Na+,K+-ATPase activity induced by DA. Thus, recruitment of new Na+,K+-ATPase molecules into the plasma membrane appears to be a major mechanism by which dopamine increases total cell Na+,K+-ATPase activity.
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