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A more recent version of this article appeared on November 1, 2003
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Submitted on January 22, 2003
Revised on July 9, 2003
Accepted on July 9, 2003
1 Department of Cell Biology and Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, 66030 Santa Maria Imbaro (Chieti), Italy
* Corresponding author. E-mail address: polish{at}negrisud.it.
* Corresponding author. E-mail address: polish{at}negrisud.it.
Transport of constitutive cargo proteins from the Golgi complex to the plasma membrane (PM) is known to be mediated by large tubular-saccular carriers moving along microtubules. However, the process by which these large structures emerge from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) remains unclear. Here, we address the question of the formation of Golgi-to-PM carriers (GPCs) by using a suitable cluster of morphological techniques, providing an integrated view of their dynamics and three-dimensional structure. Our results indicate that exit from the TGN of a constitutive traffic marker, the VSVG protein, occurs by bulk flow and is a three-step process. First, the formation of a tubular-reticular TGN domain (GPC precursor) that includes PM-directed proteins and excludes other cargo and Golgi-resident proteins. Notably, this step does not require membrane fusion. Second, the docking of this preformed domain on microtubules and its kinesin-mediated extrusion. Finally, the detachment of the extruded domain by membrane fission. The formation of GPCs does not involve cargo concentration and is not associated with the presence of known coat proteins on GPC precursors. In summary, export from the Golgi occurs via the formation, protrusion and en bloc cleavage of specialized TGN tubular-saccular domains.
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