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A more recent version of this article appeared on April 1, 2004
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Submitted on April 22, 2003
Revised on December 24, 2003
Accepted on January 5, 2004
1 Division of Stroke and Vascular Disease St. Boniface General Hospital Research Centre, Dept. of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics; Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada R2H 2A6
* Corresponding author. E-mail address: nmesaeli{at}sbrc.ca.
The tumor suppressor protein, p53 is a transcription factor which not only activates expression of genes containing the p53 binding site but also can repress the expression of some genes lacking this binding site. Previous studies have shown that overexpression of wild-type p53 leads to apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. DNA damage, such as that caused by UV irradiation, results in p53 stabilization and nuclear localization that subsequently induces apoptosis. Recently, the level of calreticulin (CRT) has been correlated with the rate of apoptosis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate role of CRT in the regulation of apoptosis via modulating p53 function and expression. Here we show a significant decrease in both basal and DNA damage induced p53 functions in the CRT deficient cells (crt-/-). This study is the first to demonstrate that CRT function is required for the stability and localization of the p53 protein. By using immuonocytochemical techniques, we showed that observed changes in p53 in the crt-/- cells are due to the nuclear accumulation of Mdm2 (murine double minute gene). These results, lead us to conclude that CRT regulates p53 function by affecting its rate of degradation and nuclear localization.
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