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MBC in Press, published online ahead of print December 2, 2003
Mol. Biol. Cell 10.1091/mbc.E03-08-0589

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Submitted on August 13, 2003
Revised on October 3, 2003
Accepted on October 21, 2003

Translocation of FGF-1 and FGF-2 across vesicular membranes occurs during G1-phase by a common mechanism

Jædrzej Maùecki1, Jrgen Wesche1, Camilla Skiple Skjerpen1, Antoni Wiêdlocha1, and Sjur Olsnes1*

1 The Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Montebello, 0310 Oslo, Norway

* Corresponding author. E-mail address: olsnes{at}radium.uio.no.

The entry of exogenous fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) to the cytosolic/nuclear compartment was studied and compared with the translocation mechanism used by FGF-1. To differentiate between external and endogenous growth factor we used FGF-2 modified to contain a farnesylation signal, a CaaX-box. Since farnesylation occurs only in the cytosol and nucleoplasm, farnesylation of exogenous FGF-2-CaaX was taken as evidence that the growth factor had translocated across cellular membranes. We found that FGF-2 translocation occurred in endothelial cells and fibroblasts, which express FGF receptors, and that the efficiency of translocation was increased in the presence of heparin. Concomitantly with translocation, the 18 kDa FGF-2 was N-terminally cleaved to yield a 16 kDa form. Translocation of FGF-2 required PI3-kinase activity but not transport through the Golgi apparatus. Inhibition of endosomal acidification did not prevent translocation, whereas dissipation of the vesicular membrane potential completely blocked it. The data indicate that translocation occurs from intracellular vesicles containing proton pumps and that an electrical potential across the vesicle membrane is required. Translocation of both FGF-1 and FGF-2 occurred during most of G1 but decreased shortly before the G1->S transition. A common mechanism for FGF-1 and FGF-2 translocation into cells is postulated.




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