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A more recent version of this article appeared on March 1, 2004
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Submitted on September 12, 2003
Revised on December 4, 2003
Accepted on December 4, 2003
1 Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Ave. Dr. Arce 37, Madrid 28002, Spain
* Corresponding author. E-mail address: aferrus{at}cajal.csic.es.
The Drosophila wings-up A gene encodes Troponin I. Two regions, located upstream of the transcription initiation site (URE) and in the first intron (IRE), regulate gene expression in specific developmental and muscle type domains. Based on LacZ reporter expression in transgenic lines, URE and IRE yield identical expression patterns. Both elements are required for full expression levels in vivo as indicated by QRT-PCR assays. Three MEF2 binding sites have been functionally characterized in each regulatory element. Using exon specific probes, we show that transvection is based on transcriptional changes in the homologous chromosome and that Zeste and Suppressor of Zeste 3 gene products act as repressors for wings-up A. Critical regions for transvection and for Zeste effects are defined near the transcription initiation site. Following in silico analysis in insects (Anopheles, D. pseudoobscura) and vertebrates (Ratus and Coturnix) the regulatory organization of Drosophila appears to be conserved. TnI is expressed before muscle progenitors begin to fuse, and sarcomere morphogenesis is affected by TnI depletion as Z discs fail to form, revealing a novel developmental role for the protein or its transcripts. Also, abnormal stoichiometry among TnI isoforms, rather than their absolute levels, seems to cause the functional muscle defects.
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