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A more recent version of this article appeared on April 1, 2004
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Submitted on October 10, 2003
Revised on December 5, 2003
Accepted on December 6, 2003
1 Departamento de Bioquímica & Instituto Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, UAM-CSIC. Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, SPAIN, José Antonio Mas and Elena García-Zaragoza contributed equally to this work
2 Departamento de Bioquímica & Instituto Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, UAM-CSIC. Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, SPAIN
* Corresponding author. E-mail address: margarita.cervera{at}uam.es.
The control of muscle specific expression is one of the principal mechanisms by which diversity is generated among muscle types. In an attempt to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms that control fiber diversity in any given muscle, we have focused our attention on the transcriptional regulation of the Drosophila Troponin T gene. Two, nonredundant, functionally identical, enhancer-like elements activate Troponin T transcription independently in all major muscles of the embryo and larvae, as well as in adult somatic and visceral muscles. Here, we propose that the differential but concerted interaction of these two elements underlies the mechanism by which a particular muscle-type establish the correct levels of Troponin T expression, adapting these levels to their specific needs. This mechanism is not exclusive to the Troponin T gene, but is also relevant to the muscle specific Troponin I gene. In conjunction with in vivo transgenic studies, an in silico analysis of the Troponin T enhancer-like sequences revealed that both these elements are organized in a modular manner. Extending this analysis to the Troponin I and Tropomyosin regulatory elements, the two other components of the muscle-regulatory complex, we have discovered a similar modular organization of phylogenetically conserved domains.
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