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A more recent version of this article appeared on December 1, 2004
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Submitted on June 11, 2004
Revised on August 13, 2004
Accepted on August 30, 2004
*Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6018;
Department of Biology, W. M. Keck Institute for Cellular Visualization, Rosenstiel Basic Medical Sciences Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454-9110
Monitoring Editor: Paul Matsudaira
Drosophila bristles display a precise orientation and curvature. An asymmetric extension of the socket cell overlies the newly emerging bristle rudiment to provide direction for bristle elongation, a process thought to be orchestrated by the nerve dendrite lying between these cells. SEM analysis of individual bristles showed that curvature is planar and far greater near the bristle base. Correlated with this, as development proceeds the pupa gradually recedes from the inner pupal case (an extracellular layer that encloses the pupa) leading to less bristle curvature along the shaft. We propose that the inner pupal case induces elongating bristles to bend when they contact this barrier. During elongation the actin cytoskeleton locks in this curvature by grafting together the overlapping modules that comprise the long filament bundles. Since the bristle is curved, the actin bundles on the superior side must be longer than those on the inferior side. This is accomplished during grafting by greater elongation of superior side modules. Poor actin cross-bridging in mutant bristles results in altered curvature. Thus, the pattern of bristle curvature is a product of both extrinsic factors (the socket cell and the inner pupal case), and intrinsic factors (actin cytoskeleton assembly).
Corresponding author.
E-mail: gguild{at}sas.upenn.edu
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