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A more recent version of this article appeared on December 1, 2004
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Submitted on July 20, 2004
Revised on September 17, 2004
Accepted on September 20, 2004

Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510; *Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94107
Monitoring Editor: Douglas Koshland
Activation of Rad53p by DNA damage plays an essential role in DNA damage checkpoint pathways. Rad53p activation requires coupling of Rad53p to Mec1p through a "mediator" protein, Rad9p or Mrc1p. We sought to determine whether the mediator requirement could be circumvented by making fusion proteins between the Mec1 binding partner Ddc2p and Rad53p. Ddc2-Rad53p interacted with Mec1p and other Ddc2-Rad53p molecules under basal conditions, and displayed an increased oligomerization upon DNA damage. Ddc2-Rad53p was activated in a Mec1p- and Tel1p- dependent manner upon DNA damage. Expression of Ddc2-Rad53p in
rad9 or
rad9
mrc1 cells increased viability on plates containing the alkylating agent methyl methane sulfonate (MMS). Ddc2-Rad53p was activated at least partially by DNA damage in
rad9
mrc1 cells. In addition, expression of Ddc2-Rad53p in
rad24
rad17
mec3 cells increased cell survival. These results reveal minimal requirements for function of a core checkpoint signaling system.
Corresponding author.
E-mail: df.stern{at}yale.edu
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